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. 2022 Apr 1;10:866208. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866208

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Copyright © 2022 Sun, Yin, Wang and Su.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biogenesis and composition of exosomes. Exosome formation is initiated by invagination of the plasma membrane to form EEs, which fuse to form MVBs. Then, MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane to release exosomes into the extracellular matrix, or fuse with lysosomes for degradation. The composition of exosomes includes lipids, DNA, RNA and proteins (Huang et al., 2021). Copyright 2021, The Royal Society of Chemistry.