Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of SLE patients and controls*
| SLE patients (n = 232) | Controls (n = 58) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Current age, median (IQR) years | 40.5 (18–73) | 41.5 (22–74) | 0.771 |
| Age at diagnosis, median (IQR) years | 26 (7–62) | – | – |
| Disease duration, median (IQR) years | 13 (1–54) | – | – |
| Female sex | 208 (89.7) | 52 (89.7) | >0.999 |
| White race | 97 (41.8) | 31 (53.4) | 0.110 |
| Comorbidities | 130 (56.0) | 20 (34.5) | 0.003 |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension | 102 (44.0) | 11 (19.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (4.3) | 4 (6.9) | 0.490 |
| Dyslipidemia | 29 (12.5) | 4 (6.9) | 0.354 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 70 (30.2) | 19 (32.8) | 0.703 |
| Chronic cardiomyopathy | 10 (4.3) | 0 | 0.220 |
| Chronic renal disease | 4 (1.7) | 0 | 0.587 |
| Current smoking | 13 (5.6) | 6 (10.3) | 0.192 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 | 0 | >0.999 |
| Asthma | 5 (2.2) | 1 (1.7) | >0.999 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 2 (0.9) | 0 | >0.999 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 4 (1.7) | 0 | 0.587 |
| Hematologic disease | 1 (0.4) | 0 | >0.999 |
| Hepatic disease | 2 (0.9) | 0 | >0.999 |
| Current cancer | 1 (0.4) | 0 | >0.999 |
| Stroke | 10 (4.3) | 0 | 0.220 |
| Current tuberculosis | 0 | 0 | – |
| HIV | 0 | 0 | – |
| Current therapies | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 187 (80.6) | – | – |
| Prednisone | 126 (54.3) | – | – |
| Prednisone dose, median (IQR) mg/day | 5 (0.5–60) | – | – |
| Prednisone ≥ 10 mg/day | 48 (20.7) | – | – |
| Immunosuppressive drugs | 173 (74.6) | – | – |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 73 (31.5) | – | – |
| Dose, median (IQR) mg/day | 2 (0.5–3) | – | – |
| Azathioprine | 62 (26.7) | – | – |
| Methotrexate | 25 (10.8) | – | – |
| Calcineurin inhibitor | 11 (4.7) | – | – |
| Cyclophosphamide | 6 (2.6) | – | – |
| Leflunomide | 3 (1.3) | – | – |
| Belimumab | 32 (13.8) | – | – |
*
Values are the no. (%) except where indicated otherwise. BMI = body mass index; IQR = interquartile range; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus.