TABLE 2.
Surveys Results
| Diagnosis | 95% CI, F and p | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | POTS | PASC | PASC‐POTS‐Controls | PASC‐Controls | PASC‐POTS | ||
| N | 15 | 10 | 9 | ||||
| Pain symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100) | |||||
| NTSS score, range 0–21.96, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 10.9 (5.4) | 10.0 (5.1) | 5.58–8.36, F (2, 31) = 30.53, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.703 | |
| Autonomic symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | |||||
| SAS score, range 0–60 men, 0–55 women, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 24.9 (5.8) | 25.9 (11.2) | 14.60–19.26, F (2, 31) = 63.6, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.942 | |
| Orthostatic symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100) | |||||
| Orthostatic survey, range 0–5, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 3.9 (1.0) | 3.9 (1.1) | 2.32–2.87, F (2, 31) = 110.8, p < 001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | |
| Sudomotor symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | 9 (100) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | |
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | ||||||
| Sudomotor survey, range 0–20, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 7.1 (2.8) | 8.0 (5.0) | 3.98–6.09, F (2, 31) = 27.8, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.783 | |
| Vasomotor symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (11.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 |
| Yes | 9 (90.0) | 8 (88.9) | |||||
| Vasomotor survey, range 0–10, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.2 (3.7) | 2.52–4.30, F (2, 31) = 17.7, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.979 | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100) | |||||
| Gastrointestinal survey, range 0–15, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 7.4 (3.1) | 7.4 (3.6) | 4.01–5.83, F (2, 31) = 38.4, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | |
| Urinary symptoms, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | 7 (70.0) | 4 (44.4) | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.370 |
| Yes | 3 (30.0) | 5 (55.6) | |||||
| Urinary survey, range 0–5, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (1.8) | 1.3 (1.5) | 0.34–1.21, F (2, 31) = 3.96, p < 0.001 | 0.037 | 0.823 | |
| Sexual symptoms, men, n (%) | No | 1 (100.0) | <0.001 | 0.999 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 1 (100.0) | ||||||
| Sexual survey, range 0–5, men, mean (SD) | 0.0 (nan) | 5.0 (nan) | NA | NA | 0.999 | ||
| Brain fog, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100) | |||||
| Brain fog score, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 5.3 (1.4) | 6.2 (2.4) | 3.31–4.36, F (2, 31) = 66.08, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.363 | |
| Fatigue, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | |||||
| Total fatigue score, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 20.9 (4.0) | 21.3 (4.0) | 13.02–15.14, F (2, 31) = 213.7, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.945 | |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | No | 15 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 10 (100.0) | 9 (100) | |||||
| Dyspnea score, mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.0) | 4.5 (2.2) | 5.4 (1.0) | 2.84–3.78, F (2, 31) = 61.56, p < 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.270 | |
| Dizziness during the tilt test, n (%) | No | 14 (100.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.999 | ||
| Yes | 8 (100.0) | 9 (100) | |||||
CI = confidence interval; F = bioavailability; NA = not applicable; NTSS = Neuropathy Total Symptom Score; PASC = post‐acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019; POTS = postural tachycardia syndrome.