Table 3.
Summary of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of peanut product intake on health outcomes.
| Author (year) | Number and characteristics of participants | Study design (length of the intervention) | Control group | Intervention group(s) | Health outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alves et al. (18) | 65 overweight or obese men (18–50 years) | Parallel RCT (4 weeks) | Hypocaloric diet | Hypocaloric diet including 56 g/day of unpeeled roasted peanuts (CVP or HOP) | Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat (%) |
| Alves et al. (19) | 65 overweight or obese men (18–50 years) | Parallel RCT (4 weeks) | Hypocaloric diet | Hypocaloric diet including 56 g/day of unpeeled roasted peanuts (CVP or HOP) | Glucose, insulin, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c |
| Barbour et al. (8) | 61 overweight or obese men or postmenopausal women (50–75 years) | Crossover RCT (12 weeks) | Habitual diet without peanuts or nuts | Habitual diet adding roasted unsalted HOP: 84 g/day in men and 56 g/day in women 6 days per week | Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat (%), glucose, insulin, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, LDL-c/HDL-c |
| Claesson et al. (5) | 25 healthy adults (19–30 years) | Parallel RCT (2 weeks) | 20 kcal/kg/day of candy | 20 kcal/kg/day of roasted and salted peanuts (~200 g/day) | Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat (%), glucose, insulin, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, LDL-c/HDL-c |
| Ghadimi Nouran et al. (20) | 54 hypercholesterolaemic men (25–65 years) | Crossover RCT (4 weeks) | Habitual diet | Habitual diet adding roasted and salted peanuts (20% of total energy = 60 g/day−93 g/day) | Body weight, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, SBP, DBP |
| Hou et al. (21) | 25 adults with type 2 diabetes Mellitus (40–80 years) | Parallel RCT (12 weeks) | Low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with unsalted almonds with skin (55 g/day in men and 45 g/day in women) | Low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with unsalted peanuts with skin (60 g/day in men and 50 g/day in women) | BMI, glucose, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides |
| Johnston et al. (18) | 44 overweight or obese adults (20–65 years) | Parallel RCT (16 weeks) | 40 g/day of grain bar | 28 g/day of peanuts | Body weight, waist circumference, body fat (%), glucose, insulin |
| Kris-Etherton et al. (22) | 22 healthy adults (21–54 years) | Crossover RCT (24 days) | Average American diet | MUFA-rich diet based on peanuts and peanut butter | TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c |
| Wang et al. (23) | 224 adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or at risk of MetS (20–65 years) | Parallel RCT (12 weeks) | White rice snack bar | 56 g/day of roasted salted peanuts | Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, glucose, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, SBP, DBP |
| Wien et al. (24) | 60 adults with type 2 diabetes Mellitus (34–84 years) | Parallel RCT (24 weeks) | ADA meal plan without peanuts and tree nuts | ADA meal plan + 46 g/day of salted peanuts and/or peanut butter with salt and oil (without other tree nuts) | Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, glucose, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c |
ADA, American Diabetes Association; BMI, body mass index; CVP, conventional peanuts; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOP, high oleic peanuts; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.