Table 3.

Physiological ER (HRV) effects for time and group by time for both ITT and per protocol analyses

HRV index	Time						Group x Time
	ITT (base n = 63; EOT n = 54)			Per Protocol (base n = 45; EOT n = 49)			ITT (base n = 63; EOT n = 54)				Per Protocol (base n = 45; EOT n = 49)
	β	t	d	β	t	d	β	t	CPT d	SKY d	β	t	CPT d	SKY d
HR max-min	.33	.84	−.15	.57	1.32	−.28	1.21	1.54	.07	−.24	1.81	2.11*	.01	−.42
LF/HF	−.08	−1.48	.17	−.05	−.84	.17	−.18	−1.59	−.05	.49	−.25	−2.05*	−.04	.49
RMSSD	.89	.72	−.11	1.34	.97	−.18	2.77	1.13	.13	−.17	3.95	1.43	.14	−.28
SDNN	.52	.50	−.11	1.05	.90	−.17	2.17	1.05	.06	−.17	2.82	1.21	.06	−.26
HF-HRV (n.u.)	.74	1.76^	−.17	.64	1.34	−.22	1.37	1.62	.08	−.45	1.96	2.06*	.07	−.55
HF-HRV (ms2)	256.84	1.13	−.15	289.96	1.03	−.16	521.11	1.15	−.09	−.20	587.60	1.05	−.09	−.23
LF peak (Hz)	−.001	−1.03	.20	−.001	−1.06	.18	−.001	−.96	.02	.31	−.001	−.95	.03	.29
LF-HRV (ms2)	78.76	.70	−12	112.34	.82	−.13	255.80	1.14	.13	−.17	261.71	.95	.13	−.20

ER Emotion regulation, ITT Intent-to-treat, base Baseline, EOT End-of-treatment, HRV Heart rate variability; HR max-min = average difference between the maximum and minimum HR (bpm); LF/HF = low-to-high frequency ratio; RMSSD = square root of the mean squared differences between successive R-R intervals (ms); SDNN = standard deviation of the IBI of normal sinus beats (ms); HF-HRV (n.u.) = normalised high frequency power HRV (FFT); HF-HRV (ms²) = absolute high frequency power (FFT); LF peak (Hz) = peak frequency of the low frequency band (FFT); LF-HRV (ms²) = absolute low frequency power (FFT); CPT = cognitive processing therapy; SKY = Sudarshan kriya yoga. *** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05, ^ p = .05–.10