Table 3.
Associations between Food Security Status and Chronic Diseases in the Study Population (<200% FPL): Results of multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression models
| Characteristics | Multivariable Logistic Regression | Negative Binomial Regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension n=533 |
Diabetes n=506 |
Asthma n=533 |
Arthritis n=532 |
Any Chronic Diseases† n=533 |
Number of Chronic Diseases‡ n=533 |
|
| Odds Ratio (standard error) | Incidence Rate Ratio (standard error) | |||||
| Marginal Food Security | 2.14 (0.93) | 0.99 (0.53) | 2.84 (1.72) | 1.06 (0.61) | 3.74* (2.02) | 1.54* (0.25) |
| Low Food Security | 1.78 (0.67) | 1.17 (0.58) | 1.32 (0.46) | 0.96 (0.39) | 1.46 (0.45) | 1.27 (0.15) |
| Very Low Food Security | 2.79* (1.08) | 3.56* (2.02) | 3.76* (1.90) | 1.20 (0.56) | 3.31* (1.48) | 1.76*** (0.20) |
| Age | 1.11*** (0.01) | 1.08*** (0.02) | 0.98 (0.01) | 1.08*** (0.01) | 1.06*** (0.01) | 1.04*** (0.01) |
| Females | 0.94 (0.37) | 0.67 (0.31) | 4.10*** (1.32) | 0.92 (0.39) | 1.48 (0.52) | 1.04 (0.15) |
| Employed/recently employed | 0.54 (0.20) | 0.56 (0.20) | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.67 (0.18) | 0.58* (0.14) | 0.71* (0.09) |
| Insured | 0.66 (0.37) | 0.42 (0.25) | 0.80 (0.43) | 0.57 (0.25) | 0.40 (0.20) | 0.79 (0.12) |
| Educational level § | ||||||
| HS/GED | 1.70 (0.91) | 1.14 (0.51) | 0.70 (0.33) | 1.45 (0.76) | 1.17 (0.45) | 1.14 (0.20) |
| Above HS | 2.40 (1.07) | 1.19 (0.51) | 0.79 (0.37) | 2.05 (1.24) | 1.38 (0.47) | 1.43* (0.21) |
| Number of children | 0.93 (0.14) | 0.91 (0.17) | 0.65* (0.11) | 1.29 (0.26) | 0.78 (0.11) | 0.93 (0.06) |
| Family size | 1.14 (0.13) | 1.05 (0.14) | 1.13 (0.10) | 0.94 (0.17) | 1.20 (0.13) | 1.05 (0.05) |
| Poverty: less than 100% FPL | 1.73 (0.53) | 1.53 (0.71) | 1.47 (0.35) | 1.07 (0.46) | 1.31 (0.41) | 1.12 (0.15) |
Data Source: NCHS, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey, 2014.
Note: Due to missing data, N ranged from 506 to 533 for these regressions. Standard errors (se) are in parentheses. All estimates account for complex survey design. Diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and arthritis are the four most prevalent chronic diseases in the analytic sample.
Reference groups: High food security; males; not employed; uninsured; less than HS/GED, Poverty: 100%–199% FPL. HS=High school; GED=General Education Development; FPL=federal poverty level.
Presence of at least one of the following ten chronic diseases: hypertension/high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, hepatitis, stroke, cancer, asthma, diabetes, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease.
Number of chronic diseases present out of the ten chronic diseases assessed.
Educational level refers to the level of education of the adult with the highest education in the household.
p<0.001
p<0.01
p<0.05