Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Study Population | MS | Healthy | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 522 | 68 | |
| Age (years) | 46 ± 0.6 | 50 ± 1.7 | 0.013 |
| Gender Female N (%) | 336 (65%) | 36 (53%) | 0.4 |
| Smoking (Yes) | 16.6% | 12.3% | 0.5 |
| BMI mean ± SE (N) | 24 ± 0.3 (219) | 25 ± 0.6 (32) | 0.3 |
| EDSS (N) | 3.2 ± 0.1 (480) | ||
| Vaccinated N (%): | 484 (93%) | 65 (95.5%) | |
| No vaccines and no COVID-19 | 11 | 0 | |
| 1 vaccine only + COVID-19 | 10 | 0 | |
| ≥2 vaccines | 474 | 65 | |
| 3 vaccines | 186 | 23 | |
| Confirmed COVID-19 N (%): | 61 (12.0) | 5 (7.4) | |
| only COVID-19, no vaccine | 26 | 3 | |
| Pre- vaccination | 18 | 1 | |
| Post 1st vaccine | 4 | 1 | |
| Post 2nd vaccine | 10 | 0 | |
| Post 3rd vaccine | 3 | 0 | |
| MS Therapy (N): | |||
| Untreated | 47 | ||
| Interferon beta | 33 | ||
| Glatiramer Acetate | 33 | ||
| Natalizumab | 38 | ||
| S1PR modulator | 63 | ||
| Teriflunomide | 21 | ||
| Alemtuzumab | 6 | ||
| Cladribine | 35 | ||
| Dimethyl/Diroximel Fumarate | 81 | ||
| Anti CD-20 monoclonal antibody | 155 | ||
| Azathioprine | 3 | ||
| other | 6 |
F, Female; M, Male; DMT, Disease modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; S1PR, Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.Bold, significant p-value.