Table 3.
Estimation of the effects of predictors on certain events with multivariate analysis.
| Predictors | First relapse | Blindness | EDSS score ≥ 6.0 | EDSS score ≥ 8.0/Death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio | p-value | Hazard ratio | p-value | Hazard ratio | p-value | Hazard ratio | p-value | |
| Female gender (Reference = male) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| AQP4-ab titer (Reference = < 1:100) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Onset age, years (Reference = > 48) | ||||||||
| ≤ 35 | — | — | 0.51 (0.30-0.87) | 0.014* | 0.75 (0.50-1.13) | 0.17 | 0.65 (0.35-1.20) | 0.17 |
| 35-48 | — | — | 0.67 (0.36-1.24) | 0.20 | 0.76 (0.48-1.22) | 0.26 | 0.76 (0.39-1.49) | 0.42 |
| Onset attack (Reference = brainstem/cerebral) | ||||||||
| ON | 0.97 (0.68-1.39) | 0.88 | 3.69 (1.59-8.58) | 0.002** | 0.65 (0.38-1.09) | 0.10 | 0.60 (0.24-1.50) | 0.27 |
| TM | 1.04 (0.71-1.52) | 0.83 | 0.77 (0.27-2.20) | 0.62 | 2.08 (1.27-3.41) | 0.004** | 2.30 (1.03-5.16) | 0.043* |
| Mixed | 1.00 (0.66-1.52) | 0.99 | 0.90 (0.32-2.52) | 0.84 | 1.46 (0.84-2.53) | 0.18 | 2.09 (0.87-5.03) | 0.10 |
| Concomitant auto-antibodies (Reference = < 1) | — | — | — | — | 1.49 (1.06-2.09) | 0.022* | — | — |
| Concomitant auto-antibodies (Reference = < 2) | 0.80 (0.61-1.04) | 0.096 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Onset EDSS score (Reference = < 2.5) | 0.77 (0.56-1.06) | 0.11 | 7.13 (4.10-12.39) | < 0.001*** | — | — | 1.53 (0.83-2.82) | 0.18 |
| IVMP at the first attack (Reference = no) | 0.72 (0.53-0.96) | 0.026* | 0.58 (0.35-0.96) | 0.034* | — | — | — | — |
| Maintenance therapy (Reference = no or prednisone < 6 months) | 0.25 (0.15-0.40) | < 0.001*** | 0.17 (0.08-0.37) | < 0.001*** | 0.12 (0.06-0.23) | < 0.001*** | 0.35 (0.17-0.73) | 0.005** |
AQP4-ab, anti-aquaporin-4 antibody; ON, optic neuritis; TM, transverse myelitis; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; IVMP, intravenous methylprednisolone. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.