TABLE 1.

Delirium risk factors targeted by the ABCDEF bundle

ABCDEF bundle component269	Approach	Delirium risk factor
A	Assess, prevent, and manage pain	Undertreated pain Oversedation caused by analgesics
B	Both spontaneous awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trials	Oversedation Mechanical ventilation
C	Choice of sedation and analgesia	Oversedation caused by analgesics Oversedation caused by sedatives Exposure to deliriogenic sedatives (for example, benzodiazepines)
D	Delirium: Assess, prevent, and manage	Disordered sleep–wake cycle Vision and hearing impairment Other unrecognized delirium risk factors
E	Early mobility and exercise	Immobility
F	Family engagement and empowerment	Disorientation

Information compiled from ref.²⁶⁹.