Table 2. Descriptive statistics of the total sample and by circadian typology.
| Measures/Categories | Total sample | Circadian typology | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 224) | Evening (N = 69) | Intermediate (N = 131) | Morning (N = 24) | ||
| Percentage | Percentage | Percentage | Percentage | ||
| Age | |||||
| 21–30 | 38.8% | 52.2% | 35.1% | 20.8% | |
| 31–40 | 36.6% | 29.0% | 38.2% | 50.0% | |
| 41–50 | 16.5% | 14.5% | 17.6% | 16.7% | |
| 51–60 | 4.9% | 2.9% | 6.1% | 4.2% | |
| 60 or above | 3.1% | 1.4% | 3.1% | 8.3% | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 16.5% | 20.3% | 15.3% | 12.5% | |
| Female | 83.5% | 79.7% | 84.7% | 87.5% | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 50.9% | 63.8% | 47.3% | 33.3% | |
| Married | 46.0% | 33.3% | 51.1% | 54.2% | |
| Divorced | 2.7% | 2.9% | 1.5% | 8.3% | |
| Widowed | .4% | - | - | 4.2% | |
| Range | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Sleep quality | 1–6 | 4.24 (.69) | 4.1 (.72) | 4.25 (.60) | 4.64 (.90) |
| Chronotype (rMEQ) | 5–26 | 13.22 (3.36) | 9.45 (1.60) | 14.12 (1.71) | 19.17 (1.27) |
| Trait self-control | 1–4 | 3.09 (.59) | 2.93 (.54) | 3.12 (.57) | 3.37 (.73) |
| SH1 | 1–5 | 3.32 (.84) | 3.16 (.80) | 3.31 (.84) | 3.81 (.76) |
| SH2 | 1–5 | 3.26 (.75) | 2.98 (.73) | 3.34 (.71) | 3.64 (.77) |
| SH3 | 1–5 | 4.45 (.56) | 4.37 (.60) | 4.49 (.55) | 4.43 (.50) |
| SH4 | 1–5 | 4.08 (.81) | 4.05 (.85) | 4.03 (.80) | 4.44 (.60) |
| Bedtime media use a | 274 (221) | 321 (249) | 243 (208) | 157 (190) | |
Note. SH1 = pre-sleep stress management, SH2 = sleep timing regularity, SH3 = avoiding sleep-disrupting food or activities, SH4 = keeping a restful sleep environment. rMEQ = the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire.
a Bedtime media use refers to the total minutes of sleep delays due to media use at bedtime per week.