Table 1. Positive factors associated with SD.

Factors	Studies included	Sample size (SD/DF)	Model	Association with SD		Test of Heterogeneity		Publication bias p-value
				OR/SMD (95% CI)	p-value	I2 (%)	p-value	Egger’s	Begg’s
Age	46	2655/11000	Random	SMD = 0.151	0.017	82.4	<0.001	0.763	0.507
				(0.027–0.275)
Diabetes	9	1560/4844	Random	OR = 4.418	<0.001	80.4	<0.001	-	-
				(2.698–7.232)
Secondary infection	22	3140/21149	Random	OR = 2.693	<0.001	67.3	<0.001	0.358	0.463
				(2.083–3.481)
SeroDENV-1	15	2691/4462	Random	OR = 0.709	0.048	73.4	<0.001	0.023	0.921
				(0.504–0.997)
SeroDENV-2	17	2690/4814	Random	OR = 1.843	0.001	76.2	<0.001	0.239	0.753
				(1.269–2.678)
SeroDENV-3	16	2597/4424	Random	OR = 0.694	0.037	54.9	0.004	0.332	0.113
				(0.492–0.979)
Day of illness	21	1218/3220	Random	SMD = 0.614	<0.001	91.0	<0.001	0.084	0.097
				(0.346–0.882)
Lethargy	8	812/29412	Random	OR = 2.563	<0.001	83.6	<0.001	-	-
				(1.517–4.329)
Vomit	26	2235/9417	Random	OR = 1.533	0.001	76.2	<0.001	0.107	0.107
				(1.203–1.953)
Persistent vomiting	3	65/813	Fixed	OR = 5.569	<0.001	0.0	0.835	-	-
				(3.041–10.200)
Diarrhea	16	1123/3750	Fixed	OR = 1.245	0.042	15.8	0.273	0.383	0.096
				(1.008–1.537)
Abdominal pain	33	2774/27727	Random	OR = 1.850	<0.001	77.7	<0.001	0.052	0.119
				(1.466–2.335)
Hepatomegaly	17	1601/20581	Random	OR = 4.403	<0.001	63.9	<0.001	0.135	0.592
				(3.016–6.430)
Petechiae	19	1148/3529	Random	OR = 2.508	<0.001	57.2	0.001	0.101	0.093
				(1.720–3.655)
Bleeding	32	2748/27000	Random	OR = 6.856	<0.001	89.9	<0.001	0.768	0.168
				(4.160–11.300)
Pleural effusion	19	1751/3666	Random	OR = 15.836	<0.001	87.3	<0.001	0.002	0.529
				(6.974–35.967)
Ascites	12	1271/2213	Random	OR = 24.299	<0.001	90.9	<0.001	0.001	0.837
				(4.337–136.138)
Hypotension	11	714/1804	Random	OR = 3.692	0.001	69.7	<0.001	0.006	0.062
				(1.670–8.162)
HCT	27	1791/7612	Random	SMD = 0.327	0.003	91.8	<0.001	0.699	0.404
				(0.109–0.546)
High HCT *	7	607/18180	Random	OR = 12.389	<0.001	81.2	<0.001	-	-
				(6.091–25.199)
PLT	38	2586/26476	Random	SMD = -1.070	<0.001	94.3	<0.001	0.01	0.012
				(-1.293- -0.848)
Low PLT*	12	728/1238	Random	OR = 8.146	<0.001	84.8	<0.001	0.063	0.161
				(3.374–19.665)
ALT	30	1920/23694	Random	SMD = 1.007	0.001	99.1	<0.001	0.245	0.003
				(0.386–1.627)
High ALT*	8	528/1069	Random	OR = 4.030	<0.001	66.1	0.004	-	-
				(2.408–6.747)
AST	29	1888/25527	Random	SMD = 1.278	<0.001	99.2	<0.001	0.338	0.011
				(0.640–1.916)
High AST	4	129/366	Fixed	OR = 4.053	<0.001	0.0	0.774	-	-
				(2.255–7.287)
CK	4	65/404	Random	SMD = 2.647	0.001	94.9	<0.001	-	-
				(1.117–4.177)
ALB	13	972/21740	Random	SMD = -0.767	<0.001	86.8	<0.001	0.006	0.008
				(-0.989- -0.544)
Low ALB*	2	54/161	Fixed	OR = 20.601	<0.001	12.6	0.285	-	-
				(4.441–95.562)
TP	5	484/3390	Random	SMD = -0.271	0.003	60.4	0.039	-	-
				(-0.449 - -0.093)
Low TP*	2	28/72	Fixed	OR = 10.993	<0.001	0.0	0.443	-	-
				(2.949–40.978)
Proteinuria	2	528/1098	Random	OR = 3.681	<0.001	80.1	0.025	-	-
				(2.038–6.649)
BUN	4	361/2966	Random	SMD = 1.301	0.009	97.8	0.025	-	-
				(0.330–2.273)
LDH	5	111/469	Random	SMD = 1.873	0.008	96.6	0.025	-	-
				(0.494–3.253)
PT	6	242/2611	Random	SMD = 0.781	0.006	90.6	<0.001	-	-
				(0.219–1.343)
APTT	6	229/2089	Random	SMD = 0.529	0.032	80.6	<0.001	-	-
				(0.046–1.013)
IL-10	6	289/425	Random	SMD = 0.868	0.011	92.7	<0.001	-	-
				(0.197–1.539)
IL-8	3	127/151	Random	SMD = 3.337	0.004	97.3	<0.001	-	-
				(1.059–5.615)
sVCAM-1	2	37/70	Fixed	SMD = 1.297	<0.001	0.0	0.441	-	-
				(0.856–1.737)
IP-10	2	92/86	Random	SMD = 0.531	0.027	52.9	0.145	-	-
				(0.059–1.004)

Pooled odds ratios (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the published results were calculated when the factor was included in more than one study.

* Dichotomous variables