Table 2.

Statistical results of beta diversity metrics in the ruminal bacterial and chloroplast composition summarized by season and location.

Groupsa	Statisticsb	Ruminal community
		Bacteria				Eukaryotac				Chloroplast
		Jaccard	Bray–Curtis	Unweighted UniFrac	Weighted UniFrac	Jaccard	Bray–Curtis	Unweighted UniFrac	Weighted UniFrac	Jaccard	Bray–Curtis	Unweighted UniFrac	Weighted UniFrac
All (27)	R	0.50	0.45	0.25	0.047	0.36	0.10	0.12	0.10	0.29	0.29	0.095	0.15
	p-value	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.21	0.001	0.093	0.037	0.076	0.001	0.001	0.092	0.026
NS vs HW (15)	R	1	0.91	0.72	0.12	0.50	0.34	0.30	0.21	0.66	0.47	0.16	0.11
	q-value	0.0045	0.003	0.006	0.17	0.003	0.06	0.03	0.14	0.003	0.002	0.19	0.16
NW vs HW (17)	R	0.79	0.67	0.26	−0.077	0.39	0.34	0.15	0.055	0.33	0.42	−0.012	0.34
	q-value	0.0045	0.003	0.05	0.65	0.003	0.21	0.20	0.23	0.008	0.002	0.48	0.039
NS vs NW (22)	R	0.15	0.14	0.11	0.075	0.28	0.34	0.04	0.10	0.11	0.13	0.12	0.058
	q-value	0.013	0.021	0.05	0.24	0.003	0.32	0.25	0.14	0.033	0.041	0.11	0.16

^a() Number of samples. NW, Nagano winter; NS, Nagano spring; HW, Hokkaido winter.

^bANOSIM, Number of permutations = 999.

^cMitochondria and chloroplast taxa were excluded.