Table 2.
Baseline participant characteristics by community type.
| Community type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Higher density urban (n = 1807) | Lower density urban (n = 4527) | Suburban/small town (n = 2224) | Rural (n = 2650) | p valuea |
| Age (mean, SD) | 63.1 (8.6) | 63.3 (8.7) | 62.7 (8.4) | 62.7 (8.2) | 0.009 |
| Race (n, %) | |||||
| White | 716 (39.6) | 2826 (62.4) | 1779 (80.0) | 2213 (83.5) | <0.001 |
| Black | 1091 (60.4) | 1701 (37.6) | 445 (20.0) | 437 (16.5) | |
| Gender (n, %) | |||||
| Male | 706 (39.1) | 2049 (45.3) | 1034 (46.5) | 1163 (43.9) | <0.001 |
| Female | 1101 (60.9) | 2478 (54.7) | 1190 (53.5) | 1487 (56.1) | |
| Diabetes status (n, %) | |||||
| No | 1584 (87.7) | 3940 (87.0) | 1945 (87.5) | 2330 (87.9) | 0.7 |
| Yes | 223 (12.3) | 587 (13.0) | 279 (12.5) | 320 (12.1) | |
| Education (n, %) | |||||
| <High school | 146 (8.1) | 244 (5.4) | 144 (6.5) | 232 (8.8) | <0.001 |
| High school graduate | 433 (24.0) | 910 (20.1) | 469 (21.1) | 735 (27.7) | |
| Some college | 442 (24.5) | 1199 (26.5) | 572 (25.7) | 708 (26.7) | |
| ≥College graduate | 786 (43.5) | 2173 (48.0) | 1039 (46.7) | 975 (36.7) | |
| Income (n, %) | |||||
| <$20,000 | 260 (14.4) | 477 (10.5) | 205 (9.2) | 328 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| $20,000–$34,000 | 427 (23.6) | 931 (20.6) | 396 (17.8) | 629 (23.7) | |
| $35,000–$74,000 | 553 (30.6) | 1592 (35.2) | 772 (34.7) | 899 (33.9) | |
| ≥$75,000 | 367 (20.3) | 1075 (23.8) | 597 (26.8) | 501 (18.9) | |
| Refused | 200 (11.1) | 452 (10.0) | 254 (11.4) | 293 (11.1) | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | |||||
| Current | 242 (13.5) | 494 (10.9) | 217 (9.8) | 292 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Past | 749 (41.7) | 1773 (39.3) | 879 (39.7) | 1013 (38.3) | |
| Never | 805 (44.8) | 2250 (49.8) | 1120 (50.5) | 1337 (50.6) | |
| Year of enrollment (n, %) | |||||
| 2003 | 334 (18.5) | 809 (17.9) | 370 (16.6) | 413 (15.7) | <0.001 |
| 2004 | 605 (33.5) | 1414 (31.2) | 615 (27.7) | 684 (24.8) | |
| 2005 | 373 (20.6) | 949 (21.0) | 519 (23.3) | 570 (21.5) | |
| 2006 | 282 (15.6) | 730 (16.1) | 361 (16.2) | 531 (20.0) | |
| 2007 | 213 (11.8) | 625 (13.8) | 359 (16.1) | 450 (16.9) | |
| Region (REGARDS) (n, %) | |||||
| Belt | 165 (9.1) | 1646 (36.4) | 839 (37.7) | 1104 (41.7) | <0.001 |
| Buckle | 59 (3.3) | 725 (16.0) | 684 (30.8) | 934 (35.2) | |
| Nonbelt | 1583 (87.6) | 2156 (47.6) | 701 (31.5) | 612 (23.1) | |
| Annual average temperature, °F, mean (SD) | 56.9 (6.6) | 61.5 (6.7) | 61.9 (6.3) | 61.8 (6.1) | <0.001 |
aFor continuous variables, obtained from one-way ANOVA; for categorical variables, obtained from Pearson χ2.