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. 2022 Apr 15;12:6261. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10143-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Impaired cell motility and invasion in shGPR81 cells. (a) Wound-healing assay for shNT and shGPR81 #1 cells. Monolayers of shNT and shGPR81 #1 cells were scratched, and the distances between the edges of the scratches were measured 12 h after scratching. The data are expressed as the wound healing width that contained migrating cells (n = 3/group). **p < 0.01 (vs. shNT); Student’s t-test. (b) The invasiveness of the cells was evaluated using a Boyden chamber assay. The shNT and shGPR81 #1 cells were seeded into the upper chamber of the apparatus and allowed to grow in serum-free medium. The invading cells were stained with 0.5% crystal violet and counted in 5 random squares using a light microscope (n = 3/group). *p < 0.05 (vs. shNT); Student’s t-test.