Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Kidney Transplant Recipients With Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (Cases) and Matched Controls
| Characteristics | Cases (N = 19) | Controls (N = 38) | Total (N = 57) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | .45 | |||
| Female | 8 (42%) | 20 (53%) | 28 (49%) | |
| Male | 11 (59%) | 18 (47%) | 29 (51%) | |
| Race | .004 | |||
| White | 7 (37%) | 24 (63%) | 31 (55%) | |
| Black | 7 (37%) | 6 (16%) | 13 (23%) | |
| Asian | 1 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (5%) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 5 (13%) | 5 (9%) | |
| CMV Donor/Recipient serotype | .053 | |||
| D+/R- | 1 (5%) | 8 (21%) | 9 (16%) | |
| R+ | 14 (74%) | 14 (37%) | 28 (49%) | |
| D-/R- | 3 (16%) | 8 (21%) | 11 (19%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (5%) | 8 (21%) | 9 (16%) | |
| Donor type | .64 | |||
| Deceased donor | 12 (63%) | 21 (55%) | 33 (59%) | |
| Living donor | 7 (37%) | 16 (42%) | 23 (41%) | |
| Induction immunosuppression | .43 | |||
| Alemtuzumab | 6 (32%) | 8 (21%) | 14 (27%) | |
| Basiliximab | 2 (11%) | 10 (26%) | 12 (24%) | |
| Daclizumab | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Steroids | 3 (16%) | 6 (16%) | 9 (18%) | |
| Thymoglobulin | 5 (26%) | 10 (26%) | 15 (29%) | |
| Belatacept | .021 | |||
| Yes | 8 (42%) | 5 (13%) | 13 (23%) | |
| No | 11 (58%) | 33 (87%) | 44 (77%) | |
| mTOR inhibitor | .20 | |||
| Sirolimus | 0 (0%) | 3 (8%) | 3 (5%) | |
| Everolimus | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| None | 18 (95%) | 35 (92%) | 53 (93%) | |
| Antiproliferative agent | .26 | |||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 17 (89%) | 26 (68%) | 43 (75%) | |
| Azathioprine | 0 (0%) | 4 (11%) | 4 (7%) | |
| None | 2 (11%) | 8 (21%) | 10 (18%) | |
| Mycophenolate daily dose (mg) | .42 | |||
| 0 | 3 (16%) | 12 (32%) | 15 (26%) | |
| 500 | 0 (0%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (4%) | |
| 1000 | 7 (37%) | 9 (24%) | 16 (28%) | |
| 1500 | 3 (16%) | 4 (11%) | 7 (12%) | |
| 2000 | 5 (26%) | 11 (29%) | 16 (28%) | |
| 2500 | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Prednisone daily dose (mg) | .46 | |||
| 0 | 0 (0%) | 5 (13%) | 5 (9%) | |
| 2.5 | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | |
| 5 | 18 (95%) | 28 (74%) | 46 (81%) | |
| 7.5 | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (2%) | |
| 10 | 1 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Duration between transplant and PCP diagnosis in months (median, range) | 79 (9–199) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TCMR within 90 days of PCP diagnosis | .59 | |||
| Yes | 2 (11%) | 2 (5%) | 4 (7%) | |
| No | 17 (89%) | 36 (95%) | 53 (93%) | |
| Receipt of prednisone ≥ 20mg/day for ≥ 2 weeks within 90 days of PCP diagnosis | .59 | |||
| Yes | 2 (11%) | 2 (5%) | 4 (7%) | |
| No | 17 (89%) | 36 (95%) | 53 (93%) | |
| Number of transplant clinic visits within 180 days of PCP diagnosis (median, range) | 6(0–16) | 2 (0– 15) | 2 (0–16) | .003 |
| CMV viremia within 90 days of PCP diagnosis | .011 | |||
| Yes | 4 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) | |
| No | 15 (79%) | 37 (97%) | 52 (93%) | |
| Absolute lymphocyte count (cells/μL) at PCP diagnosis (median, range) | 400 (200–5400) | 1200 (100–3800) | 800 (100–5400) | .044 |
| CD4 T-cell count at PCP diagnosis (cells/mm3) | 192 (27–975)a | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; N/A, not applicable; PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; TCMR, T-cell-mediated rejection.
aAvailable for 8 patients.