Table 4.
Adjusted associations a between rest-activity characteristics and markers of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in adults who did not take medications to lower blood sugar in NHANES 2011–2014.
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI) b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | HOMA-IR | OGTT (mg/dL) | |
| N | 2794 | 2697 | 2697 | 2602 |
| F statistic | ||||
| Q1 | 100.68 (97.68, 103.76) | 10.95 (9.49, 12.62) | 2.71 (2.31, 3.19) | 118.59 (111.13, 126.57) |
| Q2 | 101.16 (98.42, 103.98) | 11.10 (9.98, 12.34) | 2.77 (2.46, 3.12) | 110.95 (105.03, 117.21) |
| Q3 | 100.09 (97.25, 103.01) | 10.12 (9.19, 11.14) | 2.50 (2.22, 2.81) | 109.11 (102.98, 115.63) |
| Q4 | 99.30 (96.66, 102.00) | 9.57 (8.58, 10.68) | 2.35 (2.07, 2.65) | 109.13 (101.95, 116.8) |
| Q5 (ref) | 98.04 (95.77, 100.38) | 8.61 (7.67, 9.66) | 2.09 (1.83, 2.39) | 103.49 (97.58, 109.76) |
| p-trend | .03 | .0002 | .0003 | <.0001 |
| Amplitude | ||||
| Q1 | 101.40 (98.59, 104.30) | 11.13 (9.87, 12.68) | 2.79 (2.43, 3.21) | 117.92 (111.05, 123.97) |
| Q2 | 102.54 (99.55, 105.61) | 11.59 (10.49, 12.94) | 2.95 (2.61, 3.34) | 116.75 (112.17, 122.73) |
| Q3 | 98.50 (96.17, 100.89) | 9.39 (8.41, 10.49) | 2.28 (2.02, 2.58) | 108.85 (102.51, 116.75) |
| Q4 | 97.86 (95.59, 100.16) | 9.30 (8.33, 10.49) | 2.26 (2.00, 2.57) | 105.64 (99.48, 111.05) |
| Q5 (ref) | 99.30 (96.69, 101.98) | 8.94 (7.92, 10.07) | 2.19 (1.91, 2.50) | 102.51 (96.54, 107.77) |
| p-trend | .002 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Mesor | ||||
| Q1 | 101.49 (98.49, 105.64) | 11.52 (10.23, 12.96) | 2.89 (2.52, 3.31) | 117.92 (111.05, 125.21) |
| Q2 | 99.48 (97.51, 101.49) | 10.61 (9.39, 11.99) | 2.61 (2.28, 2.98) | 108.85 (102.51, 115.58) |
| Q3 | 99.48 (96.54, 101.49) | 9.69 (8.60, 10.92) | 2.38 (2.08, 2.72) | 106.70 (100.48, 112.17) |
| Q4 | 99.48 (96.54, 101.49) | 8.90 (7.97, 9.95) | 2.19 (1.92, 2.49) | 109.95 (104.58, 115.58) |
| Q5 (ref) | 98.49 (95.58, 101.49) | 9.04 (7.83, 10.45) | 2.21 (1.88, 2.60) | 105.64 (97.51, 113.30) |
| p-trend | .18 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.003 |
| Amplitude:mesor | ||||
| Q1 | 101.49 (98.49, 104.58) | 10.59 (9.30, 12.06) | 2.66 (2.29, 3.10) | 115.32 (108.14, 122.97) |
| Q2 | 100.48 (98.49, 103.54) | 10.18 (8.94, 11.47) | 2.51 (2.20, 2.89) | 113.22 (106.74, 120.09) |
| Q3 | 98.49 (95.58, 101.49) | 10.18 (9.21, 11.36) | 2.48 (2.20, 2.83) | 108.40 (101.74, 115.49) |
| Q4 | 98.49 (96.54, 101.49) | 9.30 (8.33, 10.38) | 2.27 (1.99, 2.59) | 109.46 (103.71, 115.54) |
| Q5 (ref) | 99.48 (96.54, 102.51) | 9.58 (8.50, 10.80) | 2.34 (2.05, 2.66) | 103.48 (97.02, 110.38) |
| p-trend | .04 | .02 | .01 | <.0001 |
| Acrophase | ||||
| Q1 (ref) | 98.52 (95.78, 101.33) | 9.04 (8.61, 9.49) | 2.25 (1.97, 2.58) | 110.12 (103.76, 116.87) |
| Q2 | 99.70 (97.30, 102.17) | 9.60 (8.86, 10.41) | 2.35 (2.06, 2.69) | 107.25 (101.67, 113.15) |
| Q3 | 100.31 (97.46, 103.24) | 10.21 (9.55, 10.93) | 2.52 (2.19, 2.90) | 111.87 (105.49, 118.64) |
| Q4 | 99.65 (97.41, 101.95) | 10.28 (9.89, 10.69) | 2.46 (2.18, 2.77) | 107.57 (101.36, 114.16) |
| Q5 | 100.34 (97.40, 103.38) | 10.51 (10.02, 11.04) | 2.65 (2.32, 3.04) | 109.77 (103.11, 116.86) |
| p-trend | .12 | .0002 | .001 | .94 |
a Models are adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, and total energy intake.
b Raw marker levels were log-transformed and adjusted least squares means were back-transformed.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.