Table 2.

The association of average daily steps and the graduated step index with incident diabetes, HCHS/SOL cohort (2008–2017)

	diabetes based on self-reported diagnosis, medications, labs (3 criteria definition) n = 6634				diabetes based on medications and labs (2 criteria definition) n = 6633
	num events	sum p-years	adjusted IR per 10,000 p-years	HR (95% CI)	num events	sum p-years	adjusted IR per 10,000 p-years	HR (95% CI)
Steps per day
< 5000	323	10,049	9.5 (2.0, 44.4)	ref	223	10,519	3.4 (0.5, 23.1)	ref
5000 - < 7500	303	10,263	8.9 (1.9, 41.1)	0.94(0.73,1.22)	190	10,712	2.8 (0.4, 18.7)	0.81(0.60,1.10)
7500 - <  10,000	237	7843	9.9 (2.1, 47.7)	1.04(0.80,1.35)	158	8147	3.5 (0.5, 24.2)	1.01(0.72,1.41)
10,000 - < 12,500	116	4870	7.9 (1.6, 38.8)	0.82(0.57,1.18)	78	5056	2.2 (0.3, 14.9)	0.60(0.41,0.87)
> 12,500	136	5281	7.7 (1.6, 37.3)	0.81(0.58,1.14)	91	5464	2.3 (0.3, 16.3)	0.69(0.46,1.02)
p for trend				0.211				0.032
per 1000 steps				0.98(0.95,1.00)				0.97(0.94,1.00)

Models adjusted for age (continuous), quadratic term for age, sex (male, female), Latino background by HCHS/SOL field center (17 level categorical variable), education (< high school/no GED, high school/GED, > high school), married/partner status (yes, no), employment (yes, no), years in the US (born in US, < 10 years, > 10 years), self-rated general health (excellent/very good, good, fair/poor), mobility limitations (yes, no), cigarette pack years (continuous), alcoholic drinks per week (continuous), energy intake (continuous), AHEI-2010 (continuous) and accelerometer wear time (continuous, hours per day)

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, IR incidence rate, p-years person-years