Table 3.
Associations between indoor air pollutant exposure levels and CHD
| Indoor air pollutant exposure levels |
Controls N (%) |
Cases N (%) |
COR | AORa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TVOCb | ||||
| Low (≤ 0.005 mg/m3) | 38 (50.7) | 9 (20.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Middle (0.006–0.300 mg/m3) | 19 (25.3) | 6 (15.9) | 1.56 (0.50–4.82) | 1.62 (0.40–6.56) |
| High (> 0.301 mg/m3) | 18 (24.0) | 19 (63.6) | 6.57** (2.57–16.77) | 7.09* (2.10–23.88) |
| Formaldehyde | ||||
| Low (≤ 0.01 mg/m3) | 26 (34.7) | 23 (52.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Middle (0.011–0.030 mg/m3) | 25 (33.3) | 9 (20.5) | 0.41 (0.16–1.05) | 0.73 (0.22–2.43) |
| High (> 0.031 mg/m3) | 24 (32.0) | 12 (27.3) | 0.56 (0.23–1.38) | 0.82 (0.25–2.68) |
| PM2.5 | ||||
| Low (≤ 4 µg/m3) | 27 (36.0) | 6 (13.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Middle (5–13 µg/m3) | 25 (33.3) | 21 (47.7) | 3.78* (1.31–10.89) | 2.89 (0.77–10.88) |
| High (> 13 µg/m3) | 23 (30.7) | 17 (38.6) | 3.32* (1.13–9.84) | 3.26 (0.84–12.71) |
| PM10 | ||||
| Low (≤ 5 µg/m3) | 24 (32.0) | 4 (9.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Middle (6–14 µg/m3) | 28 (37.3) | 22 (50.0) | 4.71* (1.43–15.60) | 5.00 (1.12–22.31) |
| High (> 14 µg/m3) | 23 (30.7) | 18 (40.9) | 4.70* (1.38–15.99) | 5.36 (1.13–25.44) |
aAdjusted for maternal and paternal age, maternal and paternal education level, house renovation and ventilation (category), exposure to environmental pollutants near the residence (category), and smoke ventilator usage when cooking
bAs the TVOC concentration was below the MDL in more than one-third of the control population, TVOC exposure levels were divided into low (equal or lesser than the MDL value), middle (below the median detected value of the control distribution), and high (above the median detected value of the control distribution) groups
*Adjust p value (Benjamin-Hochberg correction) < 0.05, **Adjust p value (Benjamin-Hochberg correction) < 0.01 vs. control