Table 4.
Effect of the association of CHD with indoor air pollutant exposure levels by stratified status of house renovation, smoke ventilator usage and exposure to environmental pollutants near the residence
| Living in a newly renovated house | Use of smoke ventilators when cooking | Exposure to environmental pollutants near the residence | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 84) | Yes (N = 35) | No (n = 32) | Yes (N = 87) | None (n = 64) | Heavy-traffic road (N = 43) | |||||||
| N, controls/cases | AORa | N, Controls/cases | AORa | N, controls/cases | AORb | N, controls/cases | AORb | N, controls/cases | AORc | N, controls/cases | AORc | |
| TVOC | ||||||||||||
| Low (≤ 0.30 mg/m3) | 42/12 | Reference | 15/4 | Reference | 12/7 | Reference | 45/9 | Reference | 39/5 | Reference | 16/8 | Reference |
| High (> 0.30 mg/m3) | 12/18 | 5.43 (1.44–20.55) | 6/10 | 9.23 (1.17–73.00) | 2/11 | 13.10 (0.73–234.81) | 16/17 | 5.19*(1.50–17.93) | 8/12 | 31.37* (3.21–306.6) | 9/10 | 2.65 (0.57–12.35) |
| Formaldehyde | ||||||||||||
| Low (≤ 0.03 mg/m3) | 37/21 | Reference | 14/11 | Reference | 9/11 | Reference | 42/21 | Reference | 30/13 | Reference | 18/13 | Reference |
| High (> 0.03 mg/m3) | 17/9 | 1.68 (0.45–6.23) | 7/3 | 0.50 (0.06–4.10) | 5/7 | 0.68 (0.06–8.31) | 19/5 | 0.72 (0.18–2.84) | 17/4 | 0.40 (0.06–2.78) | 7/5 | 0.76 (0.12–5.03) |
| PM2.5 | ||||||||||||
| Low (≤ 13 µg/m3) | 40/16 | Reference | 12/11 | Reference | 6/13 | Reference | 46/14 | Reference | 29/13 | Reference | 20/8 | Reference |
| High (> 13 µg/m3) | 14/14 | 2.32 (0.70–7.75) | 9/3 | 0.53 (0.09–3.33) | 8/5 | 0.16 (0.01–1.83) | 15/12 | 4.27 (1.22–14.94) | 18/4 | 0.01 (0–1.16) | 5/10 | 6.97(1.26–38.38) |
| PM10 | ||||||||||||
| Low (≤ 14 µg/m3) | 40/16 | Reference | 12/10 | Reference | 6/12 | Reference | 46/14 | Reference | 29/13 | Reference | 20/8 | Reference |
| High (> 14 µg/m3) | 14/14 | 2.32 (0.70–7.75) | 9/4 | 0.53 (0.09–3.33) | 8/6 | 0.16 (0.01–1.83) | 15/12 | 4.27 (1.22–14.94) | 18/4 | 0.01 (0–1.16) | 5/10 | 6.97(1.26–38.38) |
aAdjusted for maternal and paternal age, maternal and paternal education level, exposure to environmental pollutants near the residence (category), and smoke ventilator usage when cooking
bAdjusted for maternal and paternal age, maternal and paternal education level, house renovation and ventilation (category), and exposure to environmental pollutants near the residence (category)
cAdjusted for maternal and paternal age, maternal and paternal education level, house renovation and ventilation (category), and smoke ventilator usage when cooking
The low-level group served as the reference
*Adjust p value (Benjamin-Hochberg correction) < 0.05 vs. control