Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of new hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) male users 2015–2020 in the Mass General Brigham Healthcare System with/without electrocardiograms (ECGs) at baseline and/or follow-up
| All patients N = 1864 |
Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline and Follow-up | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECG N = 553 |
No ECG N = 1311 |
P value | ECG N = 336 |
No ECG N = 1528 |
P value | ECG N = 210 |
No ECG N = 1654 |
P value | ||
| Mean age at first HCQ/CQ Rx (SD) | 60.1 (15.3) | 64.7 (14.5) | 58.2 (15.2) | < 0.0001 | 63.8 (14.5) | 59.3 (15.3) | < 0.0001 | 65.1 (14.7) | 59.5 (15.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Race (%) | ||||||||||
| White | 1569 (84.2) | 471 (85.2) | 1098 (83.8) | 0.45 | 289 (86.0) | 1280 (83.8) | 0.40 | 178 (84.8) | 1391 (84.1) | 0.89 |
| Black | 67 (3.4) | 27 (4.9) | 40 (3.1) | 12 (3.6) | 55 (3.6) | 9 (4.3) | 58 (3.5) | |||
| Hispanic | 33 (1.8) | 11 (2.0) | 22 (1.7) | 7 (2.1) | 26 (1.7) | 4 (1.9) | 29 (1.8) | |||
| Asian | 46 (2.5) | 6 (1.1) | 40 (3.1) | 6 (1.8) | 40 (2.6) | 4 (1.9) | 42 (2.5) | |||
| Other | 149 (8.0) | 38 (6.9) | 111 (8.5) | 22 (6.6) | 127 (8.3) | 15 (7.1) | 134 (8.1) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 (5.7) | 28.8 (6.0) | 29.1 (5.5) | 0.40 | 28.8 (6.1) | 29.1 (5.6) | 0.47 | 28.5 (6.3) | 29.1 (5.6) | 0.25 |
| MI (%) | 319 (17.1) | 207 (37.4) | 57 (4.4) | < 0.0001 | 128 (38.1) | 61 (4.0) | < 0.0001 | 111 (52.9) | 208 (12.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Stroke (%) | 61 (3.3) | 35 (6.3) | 12 (0.9) | < 0.0001 | 19 (5.7) | 13 (0.9) | < 0.0001 | 17 (8.1) | 44 (2.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypothyroidism (%) | 106 (5.7) | 35 (6.3) | 51 (3.9) | 0.02 | 29 (8.6) | 29 (1.9) | < 0.0001 | 21 (10.0) | 85 (5.1) | 0.004 |
| Insurance type (%) | ||||||||||
| Medicare | 802 (43.0) | 304 (55.0) | 498 (38.0) | < 0.0001 | 186 (55.4) | 616 (40.3) | < 0.0001 | 122 (58.1) | 680 (41.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Medicaid | 8 (0.4) | 5 (0.9) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.9) | 5 (0.3) | 3 (1.4) | 5 (0.3) | |||
| Private | 1050 (56.3) | 242 (43.8) | 808 (61.6) | 146 (43.5) | 904 (59.2) | 85 (40.5) | 965 (58.3) | |||
| Others | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.2) | |||
| Indication for HCQ/CQ (%) | ||||||||||
| SLE | 145 (7.8) | 47 (8.5) | 77 (5.9) | 0.04 | 29 (8.6) | 67 (4.4) | 0.001 | 23 (11.0) | 122 (7.4) | 0.07 |
| Cutaneous SLE | 92 (4.9) | 20 (3.6) | 53 (4.0) | 0.66 | 12 (3.6) | 44 (2.9) | 0.50 | 15 (7.1) | 77 (4.7) | 0.12 |
| RA | 586 (31.4) | 180 (32.6) | 302 (23.0) | < 0.0001 | 102 (30.4) | 273 (17.9) | < 0.0001 | 80 (38.1) | 506 (30.6) | 0.03 |
| Othera | 1116 (59.9) | 341 (61.7) | 648 (49.4) | < 0.0001 | 203 (60.4) | 532 (34.8) | < 0.0001 | 160 (76.2) | 956 (57.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Mean duration on HCQ in months (SD) |
7.9 (4.6) (n = 1020) |
1.7 (0.6) (n = 348) |
1.9 (0.4) (n = 672) |
< 0.0001 |
7.1 (3.5) (n = 218) |
7.4 (3.6) (n = 636) |
0.35 |
7.9 (4.3) N = 156 |
7.9 (4.6) N = 864 |
0.92 |
| QTc (%) | ||||||||||
| Normal | N/A | 302 (54.6) | N/A | N/A | 184 (54.8) | N/A | N/A | 77 (36.7) | N/A | N/A |
| Prolonged | N/A | 246 (44.5) | N/A | N/A | 148 (44.1) | N/A | N/A | 130 (61.9)b | N/A | N/A |
| Uninterpretablec | N/A | 5 (0.9) | N/A | N/A | 4 (1.2) | N/A | N/A | 3 (1.4) | N/A | N/A |
BMI body mass index, CQ chloroquine, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, MI myocardial infarction, N/A not applicable, QTc corrected QT interval, RA rheumatoid arthritis, Rx prescription, SD standard deviation, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
aOther rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthritis (ICD10: M15-19, ICD9: 715), other joint disorder (ICD10: M20-M25; ICD9: 716, 719), other soft tissue disorders (M70-79; ICD9 721.9, 729, 726, 728, 727, 728.0–728.3, 728.6–728.0)
bProlonged at baseline, follow-up, or both
cUninterpretable QTc reasons include no QTc measured by the machine or that the QTc was interpreted as prolonged but QRS > 120 ms, bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, intraventricular conduction delay, premature ventricular contraction, premature atrial contraction