Table 1.

Model parameters.

Parameters	Meaning	Value	Reference
$\wedge$	Recruitment rate	5	Varies
${\alpha }_1$	TB Mask usage parameter	[0,1]	Varies
${\alpha }_2$	COVID-19 Mask usage parameter	0.05	[19], [34]
${\sigma }_1$	Waning rate from $R_T$ to $S$	0.0005	Assumed
${\sigma }_2$	Waning rate from $R_C$ to $S$	0.001	Assumed
${\delta }_1$	Rate at which TB exposed become TB infectious	[0.01,0.071]	[46], [47]
${\delta }_2$	Rate at which COVID-19 exposed become COVID-19 infectious	[0.071,0.33]	[29], [31]
${\zeta }_1$	Progression from $E_{TC}$ to $I_{T{E}_C}$	0.01	Assumed
${\zeta }_2$	Progression from $E_{TC}$ to $I_{C{E}_T}$	0.07	Assumed
${\eta }_1$	Rate at which co-infected individuals ($I_{TC}$) recover from COVID-19 only	0.0714	[44], [54]
${\eta }_2$	Rate at which co-infected individuals ($I_{TC}$) recover from TB only	[0.004,0.07]	[46], [47]
${\epsilon }_1$	Factor that enhances acquiring of COVID-19 infection after being infected with TB	1.5	Assumed
${\epsilon }_2$	Factor that enhances acquiring of TB infection after being infected with COVID-19	1.1	Assumed
${\gamma }_1$	Recovery rate of $I_T$	[0.004,0.07]	[46], [47]
${\gamma }_2$	Recovery rate of $I_C$	0.0714	[44], [54]
${\xi }_1$	Progression from $I_{T{E}_C}$ to $I_{TC}$	0.033	Assumed
${\xi }_2$	Progression from $I_{C{E}_T}$ to $I_{TC}$	0.033	Assumed
${\mu }_1$	Death rate of $I_T$	$0.69\times 10^{-4}$	Assumed
${\mu }_2$	Death rate of $I_C$	$0.8\times 10^{-4}$	Assumed
${\mu }_3$	Death rate of $I_{T{E}_C}$	$0.7\times 10^{-4}$	Assumed
${\mu }_4$	Death rate of $I_{C{E}_T}$	$0.9\times 10^{-4}$	Assumed
${\mu }_5$	Death rate of $I_{TC}$	$0.9\times 10^{-4}$	Assumed
$\mu$	Natural death rate	0.0000425	Demographic