Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients involved in the study.
| Characteristics | Training cohort (TCGA-LUAD, 500 cases) | Validation cohort (GSE72094, 442 cases) | Validation cohort (GSE68465, 443 cases) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| <65 | 219 (43.8%) | 115 (26.02%) | 214 (48.31%) |
| ≥65 | 271 (54.2%) | 306 (69.23%) | 229 (51.69%) |
| Unknown | 10 (2%) | 21 (4.75%) | 0 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 270 (54%) | 240 (54.3%) | 220 (49.66%) |
| Male | 230 (46%) | 202 (45.7%) | 223 (50.34%) |
| T classification | |||
| T1 | 167 (33.4%) | NA | 150 (33.86%) |
| T2 | 267 (53.4%) | NA | 251 (56.66%) |
| T3 | 45 (9%) | NA | 28 (6.32%) |
| T4 | 18 (3.6%) | NA | 12 (2.71%) |
| Unknown | 3 (0.6%) | NA | 2 (0.45%) |
| N classification | |||
| N0 | 324 (64.8%) | NA | 299 (67.49%) |
| N1 | 94 (18.8%) | NA | 88 (19.86%) |
| N2 | 69 (13.8%) | NA | 53 (11.96%) |
| N3 | 2 (0.4%) | NA | 0 |
| Unknown | 11 (2.2%) | NA | 3 (0.68%) |
| M classification | |||
| M0 | 332 (66.4%) | NA | NA |
| M1 | 24 (4.8%) | NA | NA |
| Unknown | 144 (28.8%) | NA | NA |
| Tumor stage | |||
| Stage I | 268 (53.6%) | 265 (59.95%) | NA |
| Stage II | 119 (23.8%) | 69 (15.61%) | NA |
| Stage III | 80 (16%) | 63 (14.25%) | NA |
| Stage IV | 25 (5%) | 17 (3.85%) | NA |
| Unknown | 8 (1.6%) | 28 (6.33%) | NA |
| Race | |||
| White | 386 (77.2%) | 399 (90.27%) | 295 (66.59%) |
| Black or African American | 52 (10.4%) | 13 (2.94%) | 12 (2.71%) |
| American Indian or Alaska native | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 1 (0.23%) |
| Asian | 7 (1.4%) | 3 (0.68%) | 6 (1.35%) |
| Unknown | 54 (10.8%) | 27 (6.11%) | 129 (29.12%) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 7 (1.4%) | 10 (2.26%) | NA |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 381 (76.2%) | 402 (90.95%) | NA |
| Unknown | 112 (22.4%) | 30 (6.79%) | NA |
| Vital status | |||
| Alive | 318 (63.6%) | 298 (67.42%) | 207 (46.73%) |
| Dead | 182 (36.4%) | 122 (27.6%) | 236 (53.27%) |
| Unknown | 0 | 22 (4.98%) | 0 |