Fig. 2.

LmcMF cells enhance CXCL12 secretion when the co-culture with YTN16 cell-conditioned medium and Tranilast inhibits this effect. a LmcMF cells were cultured with conditioned medium (CM) of YTN16 cells for 48 h. CXCL12 and CCL2 mRNA expression levels in LmcMF cells cultured with YTN16 cells and CM were analyzed by PCR analysis. b The expression of CXCR4 in mouse bone marrow cells, pan-macrophages (after M-CSF stimulation), and M2 macrophages (after M-CSF and IL-4 stimulation). c Cytokine/chemokine arrays of YTN16 and LmcMF cells and direct/indirect co-culture supernatants: quantitative analysis of the relative levels of 111 factors. Values are normalized to positive control. The bar graphs show the representative chemokine values that changed in expression between samples, but no factors were upregulated by co-culture. d The concentrations of CXCL12 from LmcMF cells were examined by ELISA. Tranilast inhibited the secretion of CXCL12 from LmcMF cells and inhibited the upregulation of CXCL12 by the addition of YTN16 cells-CM in a concentration-dependent manner. Data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate wells for three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). Tra: Tranilast