Table 2.

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for postpartum depressive symptoms for 1 standard deviation increase in each personality scale.

	Age-adjusted			Multivariate-adjusteda
	OR (95% CI)		p-value	OR (95% CI)		p-value
Neuroticism	2.70 (2.55, 2.86)		< 0.001	2.63 (2.48, 2.79)		< 0.001
Extraversion	0.68 (0.65, 0.72)		< 0.001	0.74 (0.70, 0.78)		< 0.001
Psychoticism	0.91 (0.86, 0.95)		< 0.001	0.89 (0.85, 0.94)		< 0.001
Lie	0.78 (0.74, 0.82)		< 0.001	0.78 (0.75, 0.82)		< 0.001

Postpartum depressive symptoms were defined as a total score of the Japanese version of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale ≥ 9.

^aAdjusted for age at delivery, parity, mode of delivery, educational attainment, household income, and social isolation during pregnancy.