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. 2022 Apr 16;13(4):355. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04775-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — After polarization of macrophages into M1 type, ROS is highly produced through two different ways, NOX and GGT, thus leading to pro-inflammation property. Besides, high level of ROS can also promote macrophages’ polarization toward M1. In contrary, M2 macrophages have low ROS and anti-inflammation property.