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. 2022 Apr 16;12:6398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10476-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Increased renal NNMT expression and NNMT-mediated NAD + metabolite fluctuations in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models. (A) Renal NNMT expression after four days UUO. The values shown are means ± SEM (n = 6 per group). (B), (C) Time course of renal NAD + metabolite changes after UUO induction. The values shown are means ± SEM (n = 3–4 per group). (D) mRNA expressions of fibrosis-related genes and sirtuins after four days UUO. The values shown are means ± SEM (n = 4–6 per group). UUO, unilateral ureter obstruction; NNMT, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase; NAD + , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; NNO, nicotinamide-N-oxide; MNA, 1-methylnicotinamide; N-Me-2PY, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; N-Me-4PY, N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide; αSMA, α-smooth muscle cell actin; col, collagen; TGF, transforming growth factor. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control (sham-operated kidney).