TABLE 5.
Varenicline LS, Mean (SE) | Placebo LS, Mean (SE) | Treatment Difference (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cognitive measures reflecting cholinergic signaling | ||||
SATa | 0.73 (0.06) | 0.66 (0.06) | 0.076 (0.0073, 0.14) | 0.03b |
dSATa | 0.49 (0.06) | 0.43 (0.06) | 0.058 (−0.03, 0.15) | 0.18 |
Conventional cognitive measures | ||||
MoCA | 26.83 (0.29) | 27.23 (0.29) | −0.40 (−1.22, 0.43) | 0.34 |
WAIS-III digit symbol | 62.38 (1.29) | 62.34 (1.28) | 0.04 (−1.92, 2.00) | 0.97 |
CVLT STM | 12.03 (0.32) | 12.36 (0.32) | −0.33 (−1.14, 0.48) | 0.41 |
CVLT LTM | 12.44 (0.30) | 12.80 (0.30) | −0.36 (−0.77, 0.04) | 0.07 |
CVLT recognition | 15.56 (0.13) | 15.47 (0.13) | 0.09 (−0.11, 0.30) | 0.36 |
D-KEFS Stroop III, interference | 112.52 (3.42) | 115.31 (3.37) | −2.79 (−12.06, 6.47) | 0.54 |
JOLO | 25.84 (0.48) | 24.48 (0.48) | 0.36 (−0.79, 1.52) | 0.53 |
D-KEFS sorting total | 84.55 (1.57) | 85.63 (1.55) | −1.08 (−4.66, 2.49) | 0.54 |
D-KEFS verbal fluency–letters total | 43.53 (1.05) | 41.69 (1.04) | 1.83 (−0.61, 4.27) | 0.14 |
D-KEFS verbal fluency–animal | 18.19 (0.72) | 18.07 (0.71) | 0.12 (−1.33, 1.56) | 0.87 |
Trail Making Test 4 | 103.19 (8.12) | 103.38 (8.03) | −0.19 (−16.37, 15.98) | 0.98 |
Behavioral | ||||
GDS | 3.56 (0.28) | 3.31 (0.27) | 0.25 (−0.33, 0.84) | 0.38 |
Estimates (least squares or adjusted means and standard errors) and p values were obtained from a linear mixed model containing treatment sequence, treatment period, treatment group, and dependent-variable baseline value, with participant within treatment sequence as a random effect.
Estimates (least squares or adjusted means and standard errors) and p values were obtained from a linear mixed model containing treatment sequence, treatment period, and treatment group, with participant within treatment sequence as a random effect.
Statistically significant.
CI = confidence interval; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; D-KEFS = Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System; dSAT = SAT with a distractor; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; JOLO = Judgment of Line Orientation; LS = least squares; LTM = long-term memory; MoCA = Montreal cognitive assessment; SAT = Sustained Attention Test; SE = standard error; STM = short-term memory; WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition.