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2022 Apr 18;7(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s40862-022-00139-4

Table 4.

Repeated measures ANOVA on higher-level and lower-level writing skills

Component Sum of squares df Mean square F Sig Partial η2
Organization
Between group 210.333 9 112.067 21.598 .072 .008
Within group 10.042 350 10.042 26.467 .059 .002
Development
Between group 552.667 9 210.667 54.659 .089 .005
Within group 26.792 350 24.149 4.734 .090 .014
Sentence structure
Between group 8070.167 9 6302.167 169.700 .000* .190
Within group 53.133 350 26.567 2.154 .015* .169
Word choice & grammar
Between group 4056.000 9 2006.000 174.075 .000* .212
Within group 48.875 350 9.775 2.015 .036* .168
Mechanics
Between group 4481.167 9 2538.167 114.037 .000* .106
Within group 91.208 350 10.242 9.893 .006* .182

*Significant at the .05 level (2-tailed)