Table 2.

Comparison of Study Participant vs. Nonparticipant Time Spoken and Times Spoken

	Subject	Time spoken (duration)	Time spoken (%)	Times spoken (instances)	Times spoken (%)
Observation 1	Participant 1	21.8 min	28.989%	135 times	26.062%
	Participant 2	10.2 min	13.564%	123 times	23.745%
	Participant 3	0 min	0.000%	0 times	0.000%
	Participant 4	24 s	0.005%	11 times	2.124%
	Participant 5	6.8 min	0.090%	65 times	12.548%
	Composite nonparticipant	16.9 min	22.473%	145 times	27.992%
	Instructor	19.1 min	25.399%	38 times	7.336%
	Total	75.2 min	–	518 times	–
Observation 2	Participant 1	12.4 min	17.222%	62 times	17.367%
	Participant 2	9.4 min	13.056%	83 times	23.249%
	Participant 3	22 s	0.005%	5 times	1.401%
	Participant 4	1.2 min	1.667%	6 times	1.681%
	Participant 5	15.7 min	21.806%	85 times	23.810%
	Composite nonparticipant	8.2 min	11.389%	69 times	19.328%
	Instructor	24.7 min	34.306%	45 times	12.605%
	Total	72.0 min	–	357 times	–
Observation 3	Participant 1	14.0 min	18.325%	71 times	14.460%
	Participant 2	10.6 min	13.874%	107 times	21.792%
	Participant 3	0 min	0.000%	0 times	0.000%
	Participant 4	17 s	0.371%	6 times	1.222%
	Participant 5	5.9 min	7.723%	47 times	9.572%
	Composite nonparticipant	18.2 min	23.822%	152 times	30.957%
	Instructor	27.3 min	35.733%	107 times	21.792%
	Total	76.4 min	–	491 times	–
Observation 4	Participant 1	12 min	14.815%	50 times	14.451%
	Participant 2	4.5 min	5.556%	51 times	14.740%
	Participant 3	6 s	0.123%	3 times	0.867%
	Participant 4	2.2 min	2.716%	10 times	2.890%
	Participant 5	0 min	0.000%	0 times	0.000%
	Composite nonparticipant	11.7 min	14.444%	96 times	2.775%
	Instructor	43.9 min	54.198%	132 times	38.150%
	Total	81.0 min	–	346 times	–