Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of each ejection fraction group.
| Reduced LVEF | Normal LVEF | Hyperdynamic LVEF | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 63 | 309 | 47 | |
| Age (median, IQR) | 63.00 [53.00, 75.00] | 63.00 [51.00, 73.00] | 63.00 [48.00, 69.50] | 0.616 |
| Male (%) | 33 (52.4) | 172 (55.7) | 29 (61.7) | 0.617 |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 29.20 [24.95, 36.00] | 30.40 [27.02, 36.70] | 31.60 [27.60, 35.95] | 0.287 |
| Race (%) | 0.002 | |||
| White | 18 (30.0) | 92 (31.2) | 7 (14.9) | |
| Other | 13 (21.7) | 120 (40.7) | 19 (40.4) | |
| African American | 29 (48.3) | 83 (28.1) | 21 (44.7) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Current smoker (%) | 2 (3.6) | 15 (5.5) | 2 (5.4) | 0.846 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 28 (44.4) | 96 (31.1) | 7 (14.9) | 0.004 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 34 (54.0) | 129 (41.7) | 16 (34.0) | 0.090 |
| Hypertension (%) | 50 (79.4) | 231 (74.8) | 35 (74.5) | 0.732 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 29 (46.0) | 110 (35.6) | 15 (31.9) | 0.225 |
| COPD (%) | 9 (14.3) | 31 (10.0) | 6 (12.8) | 0.565 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 31 (49.2) | 178 (57.6) | 28 (59.6) | 0.428 |
| Asthma (%) | 10 (15.9) | 40 (12.9) | 4 (8.5) | 0.521 |
| Cancer (%) | 12 (19.0) | 41 (13.3) | 4 (8.5) | 0.265 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia (%) | 13 (20.6) | 27 (8.7) | 5 (10.6) | 0.021 |
| Stroke (%) | 16 (25.4) | 70 (22.7) | 7 (14.9) | 0.394 |
| Acute myocardial infarction (%) | 25 (39.7) | 92 (29.8) | 14 (29.8) | 0.295 |
| DVT or pulmonary embolism (%) | 18 (28.6) | 84 (27.2) | 19 (40.4) | 0.175 |
| Initial labs (median, IQR) | ||||
| Troponin (cTnI) | 0.12 [0.02, 0.44] | 0.03 [0.01, 0.10] | 0.03 [0.01, 0.08] | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count | 7.65 [5.50, 11.14] | 7.64 [5.80, 10.87] | 8.61 [6.21, 13.99] | 0.204 |
| Lymphocyte number | 1.11 [0.62, 1.65] | 0.96 [0.70, 1.36] | 0.95 [0.64, 1.27] | 0.342 |
| Hemoglobin | 13.30 [11.45, 14.30] | 12.80 [11.10, 14.40] | 12.50 [11.00, 14.20] | 0.671 |
| Platelet count | 210.00 [165.00, 274.50] | 210.00 [161.00, 288.00] | 219.00 [193.00, 257.50] | 0.402 |
| Creatinine | 1.52 [1.04, 2.25] | 1.09 [0.86, 1.85] | 1.25 [0.85, 1.83] | 0.029 |
| CRP | 111.00 [33.50, 198.90] | 119.75 [45.80, 199.25] | 202.20 [102.75, 283.75] | 0.003 |
| Ferritin | 613.70 [295.00, 1564.00] | 818.32 [356.88, 1616.00] | 1211.00 [293.00, 1991.00] | 0.520 |
| LDH | 466.00 [333.00, 780.00] | 435.00 [297.75, 570.25] | 569.50 [400.25, 720.50] | 0.004 |
| ESR | 37.00 [15.00, 95.00] | 60.00 [35.00, 80.00] | 55.00 [45.75, 82.50] | 0.327 |
| Vital signs (median, IQR) | ||||
| Systolic BP | 130.00 [115.00, 155.00] | 129.00 [114.00, 147.00] | 140.00 [125.00, 148.50] | 0.147 |
| Diastolic BP | 76.00 [66.00, 91.50] | 74.00 [65.00, 85.00] | 78.00 [65.00, 90.50] | 0.311 |
| Heart rate | 104.00 [85.50, 118.00] | 98.00 [85.00, 112.00] | 99.00 [88.50, 112.50] | 0.578 |
| Respiratory rate | 20.00 [18.00, 24.00] | 21.00 [18.00, 26.00] | 22.00 [20.00, 30.50] | 0.024 |
| Pulse oximetry | 96.00 [91.50, 98.00] | 94.00 [87.00, 97.00] | 90.00 [82.00, 96.00] | 0.006 |
| Temperature | 98.40 [97.60, 99.45] | 99.00 [98.00, 100.10] | 98.70 [97.95, 100.10] | 0.065 |
IQR = interquartile range; BMI = body mass index; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; DVT = deep venous thrombosis; CRP = c-reactive protein; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; BP = blood pressure.