Table B.3.
Female | Female | Female | Male | Male | Male | Difference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loneliness: Less | 0.22 | 0.24 | [0.72] | ||||
(0.04) | (0.06) | ||||||
No change | −0.18 | −0.10 | [0.00] | ||||
(0.02) | (0.02) | ||||||
More | −0.87 | −0.76 | [0.24] | ||||
(0.04) | (0.08) | ||||||
Friends: 0–1 | −0.14 | −0.08 | [0.61] | ||||
(0.10) | (0.08) | ||||||
2–3 | −0.21 | −0.11 | [0.04] | ||||
(0.04) | (0.04) | ||||||
4–6 | −0.27 | −0.16 | [0.00] | ||||
(0.03) | (0.03) | ||||||
7 | −0.24 | −0.14 | [0.06] | ||||
(0.03) | (0.05) | ||||||
Friends nearby: All | −0.17 | −0.07 | [0.14] | ||||
(0.05) | (0.04) | ||||||
Some | −0.24 | −0.12 | [0.00] | ||||
(0.02) | (0.02) | ||||||
None | −0.30 | −0.25 | [0.75] | ||||
(0.10) | (0.12) | ||||||
Observations | 20 011 | 19 817 | 20 014 | 14 373 | 14 136 | 14 367 | |
Adjusted | 0.147 | 0.049 | 0.048 | 0.098 | 0.019 | 0.020 |
Notes: Data from UKHLS 2019, Covid modules 1–3 and UKHLS wave 9. Table reports grouped means of outcome variable, which is the individual change in standardized, seasonally-adjusted and inverted GHQ Likert score. Standard errors clustered at the primary sampling unit and presented in parentheses. The last column presents p-values testing the difference in female vs. male means. Covid survey weights used in all computations. Change in loneliness is based on self-reports of the present frequency of feeling lonely, measured in 2019 and 2020. Number of close friends and fraction of friends living nearby are measured in UKHLS wave 9. , , .