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. 2022 Apr 4;13:832614. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832614

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

No Year Author Trial Duration, week(s) Study population Add-on therapy Dosage of PCSK9 inhibitor (mg) Sample size Age, mean (SD) Women, % HP, % DM, % LDL-C, mean (SD) ApoB, mean (SD) Lp(a), median (SD)
Alirocumab
 1 2015 Bays H ODYSSEY OPTIONS I 12/24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with CVD or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl with CVD risk factors Alirocumab 75 57 62.2 (10.0) 42.1 77.2 57.9 103.9 (34.9) 90.0 (21.9) 24.0 (52.6)
Ezetimibe 0 55 65.7 (9.0) 43.6 81.8 52.7 100.4 (29.5) 89.2 (22.6) 21.0 (27.4)
Alirocumab 75 47 64.2 (10.4) 34 76.6 53.2 116.4 (37.4) 97.0 (25.5) 21.0 (44.4)
Ezetimibe 0 47 63.9 (10.3) 23.4 78.7 34 98.9 (29.2) 83.3 (17.0) 32.0 (36.3)
 2 2015/2017 Cannon CP/El Shahawy M ODYSSEY COMBO II 24/52 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with CVD or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl without CVD Alirocumab 75 479 61.7 (9.4) 24.8 30.3 108.1 (34.7) 90.0 (20.0) 28.0 (44.8)
Ezetimibe 0 241 61.3 (9.2) 29.5 31.5 104.2 (34.7) 90.0 (20.0) 22.4 (36.4)
 3 2015 Kastelein JJP ODYSSEY FH I, ODYSSEY FH II 24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl and TG ≤ 400 mg/dl with HeFH Alirocumab 75 323 52.1 (12.9) 44.3 43 9.9 144.7 (52.1) 114.6 (30.7) 51.5 (2.8)
Placebo 0 163 51.7 (12.3) 42.3 43.6 15.3 144.4 (37.0) 113.7 (28.4) 46.9 (4.0)
Alirocumab 75 167 53.2 (12.9) 48.5 34.1 4.2 134.6 (37.5) 108.0 (27.7) 49.9 (5.4)
Placebo 0 82 53.2 (12.5) 45.1 29.3 3.7 134.0 (26.3) 107.7 (23.9) 50.9 (6.6)
 4 2015 Kereiakes DJ ODYSSEY COMBO I 24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with CVD or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl with CHD risk Alirocumab 75 209 63.0 (9.5) 37.3 45 100.2 (29.5) 90.8 (21.4) 31.0 (54.1)
Placebo 0 107 63.0 (8.8) 28 39.3 106.0 (35.3) 91.4 (24.1) 38.0 (44.4)
 5 2015 Robinson JG ODYSSEY LONG TERM 24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with HeFH or CHD Alirocumab 150 1,530 60.4 (10.4) 36.7 34.9 122.7 (42.6) 101.9 (27.7) 22.2 (43.6)
Placebo 0 780 60.6 (10.4) 39.8 33.9 121.9 (41.4) 101.1 (27.3) 20.9 (44.7)
 6 2016 Farnier M ODYSSEY OPTIONS II 12/24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with CVD or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl with CVD risk factors Alirocumab 75 49 62.2 (11.1) 36.7 73.5 38.8 106.0 (29.1) 93.4 (22.6) 22.0 (48.9)
Ezetimibe 0 48 60.4 (10.4) 45.8 68.8 47.9 94.7 (33.6) 89.0 (25.9) 38.5 (68.1)
Alirocumab 75 54 57.9 (8.9) 48.1 74.1 33.3 114.1 (30.0) 92.7 (25.2) 49.5 (65.9)
Ezetimibe 0 53 63.1 (10.2) 41.5 67.9 39.6 115.2 (48.4) 97.8 (20.4) 35.5 (45.2)
 7 2016 Ginsberg HN ODYSSEY HIGH FH 24 LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dl with HeFH Alirocumab 150 72 49.8 (14.2) 51.4 55.6 12.5 196.3 (57.9) 138.2 (32.0) 22.0 (31.1)
Placebo 0 35 52.1 (11.2) 37.1 60 17.1 201.0 (43.4) 146.6 (28.3) 30.0 (23.0)
 8 2016 Roth EM ODYSSEY CHOICE I 24 LDL-C ≥70 mg/dl with moderate-to-very-high CVD risk or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/d with moderate CVD risk Alirocumab 75 78 60.7 (9.1) 34.6 28.2 118.0 (35.1) 99.6 (25.0) 28.0 (35.9)
Alirocumab 300 312 61.6 (10.0) 39.1 30.8 115.4 (30.6) 96.6 (21.3) 27.0 (43.0)
Placebo 0 157 61.6 (9.7) 35.7 31.8 115.8 (37.2) 96.0 (24.3) 25.5 (48.9)
 9 2016 Teramoto T ODYSSEY JAPAN 24 LDL-C ≥100 mg/dl with HeFH or Non-FH with high CAD risk or LDL-C ≥ 120 mg/dl Alirocumab 75 144 60.3 (9.7) 41.7 72.9 142.9 (27.0) 110.0 (20.0) 16.8 (19.1)
Placebo 0 72 61.8 (9.0) 34.7 59.7 142.9 (27.0) 110.0 (20.0) 14.7 (18.7)
 10 2017 Leiter LA ODYSSEY DM-INSULIN 24 LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dl Alirocumab 75 294 63.9 (8.9) 45.2 100 112.1 (34.3) 97.0 (24.7) 16.0 (37.0)
Placebo 0 147 64.0 (9.4) 46.9 100 110.5 (37.4) 96.2 (26.8) 14.0 (24.4)
Alirocumab 75 51 54.9 (10.1) 43.1 100 127.7 (58.1) 99.7 (35.6) 17.0 (16.3)
Placebo 0 25 58.5 (7.8) 32 100 109.8 (31.4) 87.0 (21.0) 12.0 (24.4)
 11 2018 Koh KK ODYSSEY KT 24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with a history of documented CVD, or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl without such history Placebo 0 102 60.1 (9.1) 20.6 37.3 99.3 (25.2) 85.6 (17.7) 24.5 (33.3)
Alirocumab 75 97 61.2 (10.4) 14.4 33 97.0 (27.8) 81.7 (17.2) 23.0 (31.1)
 12 2019 Han Y ODYSSEY EAST 24 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with CVD or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl without CVD Alirocumab 75 407 58.8 (10.7) 22.6 63.4 29.7 110.7 (48.5) 94.7 (28.6) 28.0 (47.0)
Ezetimibe 0 208 58.3 (11.2) 29.8 53.4 23.1 111.2 (49.8) 95.5 (30.5) 31.0 (50.0)
Evolocumab
 13 2014 Blom DJ DESCARTES 52 LDL-C ≥ 75 mg/dl and TG ≤ 400 mg/dl Placebo 0 129 57.0 (10.6) 21.3 39.5 7.8 98.4 (14.5) 82.6 (11.0) 12.1 (28.7)
Evolocumab 420 254 57.2 (10.3) 57.1 42.9 6.7 101.3 (15.1) 84.0 (12.6) 12.1 (21.3)
Placebo 0 73 58.4 (8.7) 54.8 56.2 19.2 96.2 (13.3) 83.3 (12.4) 21.7 (49.1)
Evolocumab 420 145 57.8 (9.4) 47.6 57.9 13.1 94.6 (12.9) 83.3 (12.5) 30.8 (52.8)
Placebo 0 63 55.9 (9.0) 47.6 60.3 25.4 119.8 (32.4) 100.3 (22.1) 26.3 (65.4)
Evolocumab 420 126 54.2 (11.5) 44.4 54 19.8 116.8 (35.3) 95.5 (23.6) 27.9 (48.2)
 14 2014 Robinson JG LAPLACE-2 12 LDL-C ≥ 80 mg/dl with intensive statin and TG ≤ 400 mg/dl Placebo 0 56 58.3 (10.5) 42.9 16.1 123.0 (46.6) 95.3 (26.0) 13.1 (23.0)
Placebo 0 55 62.2 (10.4) 50.9 12.7 123.7 (47.9) 95.3 (29.6) 17.1 (28.1)
Ezetimibe 0 56 61.0 (9.0) 51.8 10.7 126.8 (49.6) 101.3 (31.2) 15.4 (55.7)
Ezetimibe 0 55 60.6 (9.2) 50.9 20 119.3 (28.1) 94.6 (20.4) 13.8 (47.8)
Evolocumab 140 110 58.3 (8.4) 50.9 20.9 124.2 (43.4) 99.7 (26.4) 11.3 (34.6)
Evolocumab 420 110 59.6 (11.1) 40 13.6 126.1 (50.4) 97.3 (28.9) 20.4 (48.8)
Placebo 0 55 57.1 (9.9) 40 12.7 100.3 (36.2) 81.1 (22.1) 24.6 (50.0)
Placebo 0 55 58.8 (11.5) 43.6 18.2 94.7 (31.9) 80.1 (21.4) 20.8 (42.9)
Ezetimibe 0 56 60.5 (10.2) 42.9 17.9 98.7 (34.0) 85.3 (23.1) 10.4 (29.6)
Ezetimibe 0 54 61.1 (8.9) 51.9 31.5 92.3 (19.3) 78.7 (16.7) 25.6 (55.5)
Evolocumab 140 109 59.7 (10.2) 39.4 14.7 94.2 (34.8) 79.9 (25.1) 13.3 (38.3)
Evolocumab 420 110 60.1 (10.2) 43.6 16.4 93.8 (32.3) 77.9 (21.5) 10.2 (26.3)
Placebo 0 56 61.9 (9.7) 57.1 17.9 110.3 (28.0) 91.6 (18.4) 14.2 (46.3)
Placebo 0 55 61.5 (10.3) 50.9 20 108.6 (30.9) 89.8 (20.7) 14.6 (44.0)
Evolocumab 140 112 59.7 (9.2) 40.2 17.9 114.9 (34.9) 94.2 (24.0) 15.8 (47.5)
Evolocumab 420 115 61.5 (9.6) 51.3 13 123.7 (48.5) 96.5 (27.5) 13.3 (50.3)
Placebo 0 58 61.2 (9.1) 60.3 5.2 115.6 (39.8) 93.1 (27.3) 14.2 (46.3)
Placebo 0 57 59.6 (9.2) 47.4 15.8 119.9 (39.1) 95.9 (25.2) 14.6 (44.0)
Evolocumab 140 113 58.9 (11.2) 45.1 23 118.7 (40.9) 95.4 (27.0) 15.8 (47.5)
Evolocumab 420 115 59.3 (10.5) 44.3 10.4 122.9 (42.0) 97.2 (26.9) 13.3 (50.3)
Placebo 0 56 60.2 (8.7) 37.5 3.6 77.4 (20.9) 71.0 (16.6) 11.9 (50.6)
Placebo 0 55 58.1 (11.4) 47.3 10.9 102.9 (49.3) 84.8 (29.7) 13.8 (42.3)
Evolocumab 140 111 59.5 (9.2) 38.7 16.2 88.5 (31.5) 77.4 (22.3) 17.1 (53.4)
Evolocumab 420 112 59.6 (9.0) 46.4 10.7 88.5 (31.3) 78.7 (23.1) 20.6 (53.5)
 15 2015 Raal FJ TESLA Part B 12 HoFH Placebo 0 16 32 (14) 50 335.9 (146.7) 210.0 (80.0) 53.3 (37.3)
Evolocumab 420 33 30 (12) 48 355.2 (135.1) 210.0 (70.0) 31.7 (36.7)
 16 2015 Raal FJ RUTHERFORD-2 12 HeFH Placebo 0 54 51.1 (14.2) 46 150.6 (34.7) 110.0 (30.0) 18.3 (25.0)
Evolocumab 140 110 52.6 (12.3) 40 154.4 (50.2) 120.0 (30.0) 32.3 (54.5)
Placebo 0 55 46.8 (12.1) 44 -— 150.6 (42.5) 110.0 (20.0) 36.3 (56.5)
Evolocumab 420 110 51.9 (12.0) 42 154.4 (42.5) 110.0 (30.0) 25.4 (54.6)
 17 2016 Kiyosue A YUKAWA-2 12 LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl and TG ≤ 400 mg/dl Placebo 0 202 61.0 (10.0) 39 72 51 103.0 (28.0) 92.0 (20.0) 12.9 (11.7)
Evolocumab 140/420 202 62.0 (11.0) 40 75 47 109.0 (35.0) 96.0 (25.0) 14.2 (14.5)
 18 2017 Sabatine MS FOURIER 12 LDL-C ≥ 70 mg/dl with atherosclerotic vascular disease or LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dl without atherosclerotic vascular disease Evolocumab 140/420 13,784 32.5 (9.1) 24.6 80.1 36.7 92 (21.5) 15.4 (47.2)
Placebo 0 13,780 62.5 (8.9) 24.5 80.1 36.5 92 (21.5) 15.4 (46.6)
 19 2019 Lorenzatti AJ BERSON 12 LDL-C ≥100 mg/dl with DM Evolocumab 140/420 657 62 (34.8) 55.9 72.8 100 92.8 (34.8) 28.9 (39.3)
Placebo 0 324 62 (33.3) 60.2 73.8 100 92.8 (30.9) 28.9 (39.0)
 20 2019 Rosenson RS BANTING 12 LDL-C ≥70 mg/dl and non-HDL-C ≥100 mg/dl with DM and CVD, or LDL-C ≥100 mg/dl and non-HDL-C ≥130 mg/dl with DM and without CVD Evolocumab 420 280 62.5 (8.5) 42.9 88.2 100 108.7 (30.9) 97.0 (23.0) 36.7 (46.5)
Placebo 0 141 62.2 (8.4) 46.1 84.4 100 110.6 (32.9) 98.0 (22.0) 41.4 (51.2)
Inclisiran
 21 2020 Raal FJ ORION-9 78 LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL with FH Inclisiran 300 242 56 (11.9) 53.7 42.1 8.3 151.4 (50.4) 123.8 (33.2) 23.8 (65.8)
Placebo 0 240 56 (13.3) 52.1 42.1 11.7 154.7 (58.0) 124.5 (34.8) 22.5 (68.8)
 22 2020 Raal KK ORION-10 78 LDL-C ≥70 mg/dl with ASCVD Inclisiran 300 781 66.4 (8.9) 31.5 91.4 47.5 104.5 (39.6) 94.1 (25.6) 23.8 (72.1)
Placebo 0 780 65.7 (8.9) 29.7 89.9 42.4 104.8 (37.0) 94.6 (25.1) 23.3 (70.4)
ORION-11 LDL-C ≥70 mg/dl with ASCVD factors Inclisiran 300 810 64.8 (8.3) 28.5 79 36.5 107.2 (41.8) 97.1 (28.0) 17.5 (66.7)
Placebo 0 807 84.8 (8.7) 28 81.9 33.7 103.7 (36.4) 95.1 (5.2) 14.6 (67.9)

HP: hypertension; DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; Lp(a): lipoprotein(a).