ROC curves of the qualitative model, quantitative model, combined qualitative and quantitative model, and FS to differentiate IA from AIS/MIA. (A) Primary cohort. (B) Validation cohort. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; FS, frozen section; IA, invasive adenocarcinoma; AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.