. 2022 May;12(5):2891–2903. doi: 10.21037/qims-21-981

Table 3. Associations between carotid plaque characteristics and changes of MoCA.

Characteristics	Univariate regression			Multivariate regression (model 1)			Multivariate regression (model 2)
Characteristics	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Morphology
Mean lumen area, mm²	1.006	0.970, 1.043	0.762	1.005	0.967, 1.044	0.792	1.008	0.967, 1.050	0.706
Mean wall area, mm²	0.999	0.977, 1.022	0.935	1.007	0.982, 1.032	0.591	1.005	0.980, 1.031	0.684
Mean total vessel area, mm²	1.001	0.984, 1.018	0.935	1.005	0.987, 1.024	0.595	1.005	0.986, 1.024	0.629
Maximum wall thickness, mm	0.954	0.777, 1.170	0.649	0.995	0.803, 1.233	0.962	0.996	0.792, 1.253	0.974
Mean normalized wall index, %	0.988	0.949, 1.030	0.575	1.005	0.961, 1.052	0.814	0.993	0.945, 1.043	0.775
Stenosis, %	1.015	0.982, 1.050	0.376	1.020	0.984,1.058	0.271	–	–	–
Presence of plaque components
LRNC	1.677	0.424, 6.636	0.461	2.800	0.619, 12.665	0.181	3.674	0.738, 18.288	0.112
IPH	0.930	0.429, 2.015	0.854	1.151	0.510, 2.598	0.735	1.363	0.568, 3.275	0.488
Calcification	1.032	0.371, 2.866	0.952	1.348	0.450, 4.033	0.593	1.263	0.387, 4.125	0.699
Ulcer	0.799	0.330, 1.840	0.569	0.891	0.363, 2.183	0.800	1.160	0.438, 3.076	0.765
FCR	0.976	0.449, 2.124	0.952	1.210	0.533, 2.746	0.648	1.553	0.638, 3.780	0.332
Volume of plaque components*
LRNC, mm³	0.999	0.998, 1.001	0.344	0.999	0.998, 1.001	0.462	1.000	0.998, 1.001	0.802
IPH, mm³	1.001	0.999, 1.003	0.473	1.001	0.999, 1.003	0.435	1.002	0.999, 1.004	0.214
Calcification, mm³	0.994	0.989, 1.000	0.043	0.994	0.988, 1.000	0.043	0.994	0.988, 1.000	0.057
Ulcer, mm³	0.993	0.971, 1.015	0.528	0.995	0.971, 1.020	0.688	0.996	0.969, 1.023	0.748
Maximum percentage of plaque component area*
LRNC, %	1.005	0.985, 1.025	0.643	1.007	0.986, 1.028	0.532	1.006	0.982, 1.030	0.645
IPH, %	1.007	0.983, 1.031	0.576	1.008	0.982, 1.033	0.565	1.014	0.985, 1.044	0.353
Calcification, %	0.949	0.909, 0.991	0.018	0.945	0.901, 0.990	0.017	0.937	0.890, 0.987	0.014
Ulcer, %	0.965	0.892, 1.044	0.377	0.966	0.879, 1.061	0.467	0.972	0.882, 1.071	0.561
Cumulative slice of plaque components*
LRNC	1.010	0.905, 1.127	0.858	1.038	0.925, 1.164	0.528	1.000	0.881, 1.135	1.000
IPH	1.053	0.901, 1.230	0.515	1.067	0.898, 1.268	0.459	1.119	0.909, 1.376	0.288
Calcification	0.823	0.698, 0.970	0.020	0.802	0.670, 0.961	0.017	0.791	0.646, 0.967	0.022
Ulcer	1.440	0.691, 3.000	0.330	1.678	0.741, 3.798	0.215	1.947	0.763, 4.968	0.163

*, only patients with the corresponding component present were included in the comparison. Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, educational level and Fazekas score; Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, educational level, Fazekas score, stenosis, coronary heart disease and antihypertensive treatment. MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; LRNC, lipid-rich necrotic core; IPH, intraplaque hemorrhage; FCR, fibrous cap rupture; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.