Table 5. Left atrial (LA) volumes and left ventricular (LV) volumes assessed using 3D echocardiography in normal-weight and overweight/obese Turner syndrome patients (TS).
| Variables | Normal-weight TS (n=16) | Overweight/obese TS (n=9) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3D LA Vmax (mL/m2) | 16.74±5.00 | 17.78±3.67 | 0.593 |
| 3D LA VpreA (mL/m2) | 8.90±2.60 | 10.48±2.10 | 0.135 |
| 3D LA Vmin (mL/m2) | 6.13±2.17 | 7.10±3.05 | 0.363 |
| 3D LA total emptying volume (mL/m2) | 10.62±3.82 | 10.84±2.45 | 0.881 |
| 3D LA passive emptying volume (mL/m2) | 7.83±3.70 | 7.29±2.83 | 0.708 |
| 3D LA conduit volume (mL/m2) | 20.26±5.07 | 22.54±4.20 | 0.287 |
| 3D LA active emptying volume (mL/m2) | 2.29±1.07 | 3.38±1.21 | 0.032* |
| 3D LA total emptying fraction (%) | 62.81±8.23 | 61.66±12.00 | 0.780 |
| 3D LA passive emptying fraction (%) | 45.74±10.77 | 40.05±10.03 | 0.208 |
| 3D LA active emptying fraction (%) | 30.35±16.59 | 34.32±14.87 | 0.558 |
| 3D LASr (%) | 30.56±14.21 | 33.66±12.04 | 0.586 |
| 3D LAScd (%) | −22.37±13.59 | −21.77±9.88 | 0.909 |
| 3D LASct (%) | −9.06±7.27 | −13.11±7.55 | 0.200 |
| 3D LASr_c (%) | 35.81±17.13 | 37.00±12.07 | 0.856 |
| 3D LAScd_c (%) | −25.12±13.00 | −19.33±8.38 | 0.243 |
| 3D LASct_c (%) | −12.12±8.46 | −17.22±9.76 | 0.185 |
| 3D LV EDV (mL/m2) | 53.82±12.54 | 57.34±7.77 | 0.464 |
| 3D LV ESV (mL/m2) | 22.30±6.82 | 23.86±6.19 | 0.591 |
| 3D LV SV (mL/m2) | 30.04±4.92 | 33.38±3.00 | 0.088 |
| LA reservoir contribution to LV SV (%) | 33.02±11.25 | 32.82±8.53 | 0.965 |
| LA conduit contribution to LV SV (%) | 66.98±11.25 | 67.18±8.53 | 0.965 |
| LA passive contribution to LV SV (%) | 23.07±8.22 | 22.09±9.44 | 0.802 |
| LA pump contribution to LV SV (%) | 8.00±4.25 | 10.23±3.80 | 0.238 |
3D, three-dimensional echocardiography; LA Vmax, maximum LA volume at LV end systole; LA V preA, LA volume at onset of LA contraction; LA Vmin, minimum LA volume at LV end diastole; LASr, longitudinal LA strain during reservoir phase; LAScd, longitudinal LA strain during conduit phase; LASct, longitudinal LA strain during contraction phase; LASr_c, circumferential LA strain during reservoir phase; LAScd_c, circumferential LA strain during conduit phase; LASct_c, circumferential LA strain during contraction phase; LV EDV, LV enddiastolic volume; LV ESV, LV endsystolic volume; LV SV, LV stroke volume. Mean ± standard deviation is used for normally distributed variables and median (minimum/maximum) for non-normally distributed variables. *P value ≤0.05.