TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics between non-GERD and GERD cohort.

	Gastroesophageal reflux disease
	No (N = 54280)		Yes (N = 13570)
Variables	n	%	n	%	SMD
Gender					0.014
Female	27367	50.4%	6745	49.7%
Male	26913	49.6%	6825	50.3%
Age, year
40–49	19593	36.1%	4826	35.6%	0.011
50–59	17451	32.2%	4440	32.7%	0.012
60–69	9661	17.8%	2440	18.0%	0.005
≥70	7575	14.0%	1864	13.7%	0.006
Mean, (SD)	56.12	(11.36)	56.2	(11.34)	0.004
Visit time (2 year before index date)
Median, (Q1–Q3)	28	(15–47)	38	(22–60)	0.326
Comorbidities
Hypertension	20591	37.9%	5167	38.1%	0.003
Hyperlipidemia	17179	31.6%	4345	32.0%	0.008
Chronic liver disease	20377	37.5%	5280	38.9%	0.028
Obesity	605	1.1%	178	1.3%	0.028
Alcohol-related diseases	1967	3.6%	565	4.2%	0.028
Heart failure	2018	3.7%	603	4.4%	0.037
Stroke	1843	3.4%	559	4.1%	0.038
Peptic ulcer disease	34169	62.9%	8462	62.4%	0.012
Anxiety	14328	26.4%	3957	29.2%	0.062
Depression	4362	8.0%	1254	9.2%	0.043
PPIs	9707	17.9%	13570	100.0%	3.030
Omeprazole	2893	5.3%	3628	26.7%	0.610
Pantoprazole	3324	6.1%	4441	32.7%	0.714
Lansoprazole	4187	7.7%	7118	52.5%	1.117
Rabeprazole	4187	7.7%	7118	52.5%	1.117
Esomeprazole	3909	7.2%	6762	49.8%	1.071

SMD: standardized mean difference.

Follow-up:

Non-GERD cohort = 4.79 (± 2.60).

ERD cohort = 4.70 (± 2.48).