TABLE 2.
Cox proportional hazard model analysis.
| Dementia | |||||||
|
|
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| Variables | n | PY | IR | cHR | (95% CI) | aHR† | (95% CI) |
| Non-GERD | 604 | 259984 | 2.32 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| GERD | 178 | 65099 | 2.73 | 1.18 | (1.00, 1.40)* | 1.34 | (1.07, 1.67)* |
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 474 | 164261 | 2.89 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Male | 308 | 160822 | 1.92 | 0.66 | (0.58, 0.77)*** | 0.75 | (0.65, 0.87)*** |
| Age, year | |||||||
| 40–49 | 62 | 122973 | 0.50 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| 50–59 | 106 | 105045 | 1.01 | 2.03 | (1.49, 2.78)*** | 1.84 | (1.34, 2.52)*** |
| 60–69 | 161 | 57744 | 2.79 | 5.57 | (4.15, 7.46)*** | 4.53 | (3.35, 6.13)*** |
| ≥70 | 453 | 39321 | 11.5 | 23.8 | (18.32, 31.16)*** | 16.9 | (12.71, 22.51)*** |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | |||||||
| No | 260 | 203544 | 1.28 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 522 | 121539 | 4.29 | 3.37 | (2.90, 3.91)*** | 1.13 | (0.95, 1.34) |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||||||
| No | 454 | 222351 | 2.04 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 328 | 102731 | 3.19 | 1.56 | (1.35, 1.80)*** | 0.99 | (0.85, 1.15) |
| Chronic liver disease | |||||||
| No | 445 | 195806 | 2.27 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 337 | 129277 | 2.61 | 1.11 | (0.97, 1.28) | 0.96 | (0.83, 1.11) |
| Obesity | |||||||
| No | 768 | 321684 | 2.39 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 14 | 3399 | 4.12 | 1.76 | (1.04, 2.99)* | 1.84 | (1.08, 3.13)* |
| Alcohol-related diseases | |||||||
| No | 764 | 313812 | 2.43 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 18 | 11271 | 1.60 | 0.67 | (0.42, 1.06) | 1.05 | (0.65, 1.69) |
| Heart failure | |||||||
| No | 666 | 314199 | 2.12 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 116 | 10884 | 10.7 | 5.14 | (4.22, 6.26)*** | 1.55 | (1.26, 1.91)*** |
| Stroke | |||||||
| No | 684 | 314041 | 2.18 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 98 | 11042 | 8.88 | 4.07 | (3.29, 5.03)*** | 1.52 | (1.22, 1.89)*** |
| Peptic ulcer disease | |||||||
| No | 153 | 113219 | 1.35 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 629 | 211864 | 2.97 | 2.13 | (1.79, 2.54)*** | 1.39 | (1.16, 1.67)*** |
| Stroke | |||||||
| No | 467 | 230285 | 2.03 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 315 | 94797 | 3.32 | 1.59 | (1.37, 1.83)*** | 1.10 | (0.94, 1.29) |
| Depression | |||||||
| No | 653 | 297838 | 2.19 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 129 | 27245 | 4.73 | 2.13 | (1.76, 2.57)*** | 1.67 | (1.37, 2.05)*** |
| PPIS | |||||||
| No | 455 | 205113 | 2.22 | 1.00 | (reference) | 1.00 | (reference) |
| Yes | 327 | 119970 | 2.73 | 1.19 | (1.04, 1.38)* | 0.78 | (0.65, 0.94)* |
*: p-value < 0.05; **: p-value < 0.01; ***: p-value < 0.001.
n: number of events; PY: person-years; IR: incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years).
cHR: crude hazard ratio; aHR: adjusted hazard ratio.
†: adjusted by sex, age, visit frequency, comorbidities and PPIS.