TABLE 3.
The risk of dementia in different stratification level.
| Non-GERD | GERD | |||||||||
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| Variables | n | PY | IR | n | PY | IR | cHR | (95% CI) | aHR† | (95% CI) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female | 364 | 131577 | 2.77 | 110 | 32684 | 3.37 | 1.23 | (0.99, 1.52) | 1.40 | (1.05, 1.86)* |
| Male | 240 | 128407 | 1.87 | 68 | 32415 | 2.10 | 1.13 | (0.86, 1.47) | 1.28 | (0.90, 1.82) |
| Age, year | ||||||||||
| 40–49 | 47 | 98423 | 0.48 | 15 | 24550 | 0.61 | 1.28 | (0.72, 2.29) | 1.08 | (0.49, 2.38) |
| 50–59 | 81 | 83433 | 0.97 | 25 | 21612 | 1.16 | 1.23 | (0.78, 1.93) | 1.64 | (0.84, 3.17) |
| 60–69 | 128 | 46332 | 2.76 | 33 | 11412 | 2.89 | 1.06 | (0.72, 1.55) | 1.29 | (0.77, 2.16) |
| ≥70 | 348 | 31796 | 10.9 | 105 | 7525 | 13.95 | 1.28 | (1.03, 1.60)* | 1.34 | (1.01, 1.77)* |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||||
| No | 205 | 162702 | 1.26 | 55 | 40843 | 1.3466 | 1.07 | (0.79, 1.44) | 1.40 | (0.92, 2.14) |
| Yes | 399 | 97282 | 4.1015 | 123 | 24256 | 5.0708 | 1.25 | (1.02, 1.53)* | 1.33 | (1.03, 1.73)* |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||||
| No | 342 | 177868 | 1.92 | 112 | 44483 | 2.52 | 1.31 | (1.06, 1.62)* | 1.44 | (1.08, 1.93)* |
| Yes | 262 | 82116 | 3.19 | 66 | 20616 | 3.20 | 1.02 | (0.78, 1.34) | 1.20 | (0.85, 1.70) |
| Chronic liver disease | ||||||||||
| No | 326 | 157208 | 2.07 | 119 | 38598 | 3.08 | 1.49 | (1.21, 1.84)*** | 1.58 | (1.18, 2.13)** |
| Yes | 278 | 102776 | 2.70 | 59 | 26501 | 2.23 | 0.83 | (0.63, 1.10) | 1.00 | (0.7, 1.41) |
| Obesity | ||||||||||
| No | 591 | 257439 | 2.30 | 177 | 64246 | 2.76 | 1.21 | (1.02, 1.43)* | 1.36 | (1.09, 1.70)** |
| Yes | 13 | 2545 | 5.11 | 1 | 853 | 1.17 | 0.23 | (0.03, 1.73) | 0.36 | (0.03, 3.95) |
| Alcohol-related diseases | ||||||||||
| No | 589 | 251138 | 2.35 | 175 | 62675 | 2.79 | 1.20 | (1.01, 1.42)* | 1.38 | (1.1, 1.73)** |
| Yes | 15 | 8847 | 1.70 | 3 | 2424 | 1.24 | 0.74 | (0.21, 2.56) | 0.44 | (0.1, 1.88) |
| Heart failure | ||||||||||
| No | 519 | 251532 | 2.06 | 147 | 62667 | 2.35 | 1.14 | (0.95, 1.38) | 1.29 | (1.01, 1.65)* |
| Yes | 85 | 8452 | 10.06 | 31 | 2432 | 12.75 | 1.26 | (0.83, 1.90) | 1.53 | (0.9, 2.58) |
| Stroke | ||||||||||
| No | 528 | 251560 | 2.10 | 156 | 62480 | 2.50 | 1.20 | (1.00, 1.43)* | 1.42 | (1.12, 1.80)** |
| Yes | 76 | 8424 | 9.02 | 22 | 2619 | 8.40 | 0.92 | (0.57, 1.47) | 0.91 | (0.50, 1.66) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | ||||||||||
| No | 112 | 90740 | 1.23 | 41 | 22479 | 1.82 | 1.49 | (1.04, 2.13)* | 1.12 | (0.64, 1.94) |
| Yes | 492 | 169244 | 2.91 | 137 | 42620 | 3.21 | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.34) | 1.34 | (1.05, 1.70)* |
| Anxiety | ||||||||||
| No | 354 | 185797 | 1.91 | 113 | 44489 | 2.54 | 1.34 | (1.08, 1.66)** | 1.48 | (1.11, 1.97)** |
| Yes | 250 | 74187 | 3.37 | 65 | 20610 | 3.15 | 0.94 | (0.72, 1.24) | 1.13 | (0.80, 1.59) |
| Depression | ||||||||||
| No | 508 | 238909 | 2.13 | 145 | 58930 | 2.46 | 1.16 | (0.97, 1.40) | 1.33 | (1.04, 1.69)* |
| Yes | 96 | 21075 | 4.56 | 33 | 6169 | 5.35 | 1.18 | (0.79, 1.75) | 1.38 | (0.81, 2.36) |
| PPIS | ||||||||||
| No | 455 | 205113 | 2.22 | 0 | 65099 | 0.00 | ||||
| Yes | 149 | 54871.04 | 2.7155 | 178 | 65098.87 | 2.7343 | 1.06 | (0.85, 1.32) | 1.32 | (1.06, 1.66)* |
*: p-value < 0.05; **: p-value < 0.01; ***: p-value < 0.001.
n: number of events; PY: person-years; IR: incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years).
cHR: crude hazard ratio; aHR: adjusted hazard ratio.
†: adjusted by sex, age, visit frequency, comorbidities and PPIS.