Table 3.
Multinomial regression model according to prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and diagnosed diabetes individuals aged 50 years or older: ELSA study, 2012–2013 and ELSI study, 2015–2016
| Prediabetes | Undiagnosed diabetes | Diagnosed diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) Adjusted | OR (95 % CI) Adjusted | OR (95 % CI) Adjusted | ||||
| Age | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·05 | 1·04, 1·06 | 1·08 | 1·06, 1·10 | 1·06 | 1·05, 1·07 |
| ELSI | 1·02 | 0·99, 1·04 | 1·03 | 1·01, 1·06 | 1·04 | 1·02, 1·07 |
| Female sex (v. male) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·08 | 0·95, 1·23 | 0·94 | 0·66, 1·34 | 0·65 | 0·52, 0·82 |
| ELSI | 1·19 | 0·73, 1·94 | 0·70 | 0·35, 1·42 | 0·92 | 0·53, 1·60 |
| Non-white skin colour (v. white) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·96 | 1·27, 3·03 | 9·77 | 4·85, 19·70 | 3·63 | 1·98, 6·65 |
| ELSI | 1·16 | 0·75, 1·79 | 2·55 | 1·20, 5·44 | 1·09 | 0·79, 1·52 |
| Income – ELSA | ||||||
| 1st quintile | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | |||
| 2nd quintile | 1·15 | 0·97, 1·37 | 0·83 | 0·47, 1·47 | 1·48 | 1·04, 2·11 |
| 3rd quintile | 0·96 | 0·81, 1·15 | 1·04 | 0·61, 1·76 | 1·45 | 1·02, 2·06 |
| 4th quintile | 1·04 | 0·86, 1·25 | 1·12 | 0·66, 1·93 | 1·55 | 1·08, 2·22 |
| 5th quintile | 0·88 | 0·71, 1·10 | 1·01 | 0·57, 1·80 | 1·88 | 1·30, 2·73 |
| Schooling (v.14 years or more) – ELSI | ||||||
| 12–13 years | 7·72 | 2·02, 29·57 | 7·20 | 1·65, 31·39 | ||
| 0–11 years | 1·33 | 0·77, 2·31 | 2·47 | 0·73, 8·34 | 2·33 | 1·04, 5·23 |
| Physically inactive (v. active) | ||||||
| ELSA | 0·88 | 0·60, 1·29 | 1·33 | 0·64, 2·74 | 1·75 | 1·10, 2·80 |
| ELSI | 1·45 | 0·92, 2·29 | 1·38 | 0·76, 2·50 | 1·87 | 1·23, 2·83 |
| Smoking (v. non-smokers) | ||||||
| Ex-smokers | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·09 | 0·96, 1·24 | 1·10 | 0·75, 1·61 | 1·14 | 0·90, 1·44 |
| ELSI | 0·97 | 0·62, 1·52 | 1·78 | 0·96, 3·41 | 1·61 | 0·87, 2·98 |
| Smokers | ||||||
| ELSA | 2·40 | 1·92, 2·99 | 3·12 | 1·77, 5·49 | 1·88 | 1·27, 2·77 |
| ELSI | 1·69 | 0·79, 3·61 | 3·36 | 1·02, 5·43 | 1·53 | 0·63, 3·71 |
| Hypertension (v. no) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·04 | 0·91, 1·19 | 1·76 | 1·23, 2·50 | 2·78 | 2·22, 3·49 |
| Stroke (v. no) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·28 | 0·87, 1·88 | 2·05 | 1·01, 4·19 | 1·66 | 1·01, 2·73 |
| CVD (v. no) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·20 | 1·01, 1·44 | 1·17 | 0·75, 1·81 | 1·65 | 1·26, 2·15 |
| High TAG (v. <1·69 mmol/l) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·14 | 0·99, 1·32 | 1·96 | 1·36, 2·81 | 1·84 | 1·46, 2·32 |
| ELSI | 2·08 | 1·39, 3·11 | 3·27 | 1·84, 5·81 | 2·29 | 1·60, 3·27 |
| Low HDL (v. ≥1·03 mmol/l men; ≥1·29 mmol/l women) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·13 | 0·90, 1·43 | 2·20 | 1·42, 3·42 | 2·36 | 1·75, 3·18 |
| BMI in kg/m2 (v. ideal range) ELSA | ||||||
| <18·5 kg/m2 | 2·45 | 1·22, 4·91 | 1·96 | 0·41, 9·25 | ||
| ≥25 and < 30 kg/m2 | 1·12 | 0·95, 1·31 | 1·06 | 0·56, 2·01 | 0·99 | 0·69, 1·41 |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 1·31 | 1·04, 1·64 | 2·52 | 1·24, 5·13 | 1·81 | 1·19, 2·75 |
| Large waist circumference (v. ≤102 cm men; ≤88 cm women) | ||||||
| ELSA | 1·53 | 1·30, 1·81 | 2·82 | 1·62, 4·93 | 2·40 | 1·74, 3·30 |
| ELSI | 1·74 | 1·16, 2·61 | 5·36 | 2·70, 10·65 | 2·35 | 1·44, 3·81 |
Dash (–) denotes the absence of category in group. ELSA model adjusted by sex, age, income, skin colour, level of physical activity and smoking. ELSI model adjusted by sex, age, schooling, skin colour, level of physical activity, smoking, TAG and waist circumference. In ELSI, CI calculated considering sample weight.