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. 2022 Apr 4;9:844252. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.844252

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Copyright © 2022 Miller, Serpell, Dalton, Waite, Morris, Redding, Dreschel and Davis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The mammalian hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and a summary of its complex relationship with the hormones Cortisol (CT) and Oxytocin (OT) (61–64) Negative feedback (represented by minus signs) can be initiated by oxytocins to lesson cortisol's production. Cortisol can act as a negative or positive feedback mediator (represented by plus sign) to further lesson or amplify its production, respectively. Large arrows represent sensory signals that are integrated to initiate the HPA axis.