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. 2022 Apr 4;13:841149. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.841149

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Copyright © 2022 Guo, Liu, He, Yao and Zheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of maternal HS on the innate immune development in the fetal duodenum and jejunum. Fold change of DEGs (A), mRNA expression (C), and protein levels (IUTN: n = 8; IUHS: n = 5) (E) in the fetal duodenum. Fold change of DEGs (B), mRNA expression (D), and protein levels (IUTN: n = 8; IUHS: n = 5) (F) in the fetal jejunum. Gene symbols are shown on the x-axis, and log₂ FC is shown on the y-axis. Blue bars: down-regulation; red bars: up-regulation. Black: no difference. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.