Figure 3.

Molecular and cellular signaling of resolution of inflammation in cardiac repair and heart failure. In response to cardiac injury, splenic leukocytes (monocyte/macrophages) mobilize to the infarcted area, activate lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, cytochrome P450 enzymatic assembly. Leukocyte responsive SPMs and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are biosynthesized to facilitate the cardiac repair and safe clearance of inflammation (resolution) marked with macrophage-directed on-time efferocytosis and safe clearance of neutrophils. Dysregulation or imbalance of either pro-inflammatory mediators (PIM) or SPMs or EETs leads to impaired cardiac repair, which is common in obesity and or aging or in the absence of resolution receptor (FPR2) that is necessary for SPMs cardiac repair action.