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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Periodontol. 2020 Mar 16;91(10):1274–1283. doi: 10.1002/JPER.19-0457

TABLE 1.

Demographic characteristics of study participants

Non-smokers (n = 12) Cigarette smokers (n = 12) E-cig users (n = 12) Dual smokers (n = 12)
Age, years
 Mean (SD) 35.67 (12.46) 40.25 (15.96) 34.92 (11.45) 39.42 (11.81)
 Range (years) (22 to 57) (24 to 75) (22 to 53) (25 to 62)
Sex, n (%)
 Male 2 (16.7%) 5 (41.7%) 10 (83.3%) 7 (58.3%)
 Female 10 (83.3%) 7 (58.3%) 2 (16.7%) 5 (41.7%)
Race (n)
 White 5 7 8 4
 African American 4 2 1 4
 Asian 0 3 1 2
 American Indian 1 0 0 1
 Other (mixed) 2 0 2 1
Ethnicity, n
 Hispanic 1 1 0 0
 Non-Hispanic 11 11 12 12