TABLE 2.

Salivary biomarkers of inflammatory mediators among non-smokers, cigarette smokers, e-cig users, and dual smokers

Biomarkers		NS	CS	EC	DS
Cotinine (ng/mL)	Mean, SD	0.56, 0.64	142.61, 174.11	180.22, 273.42	298.97, 432.67
	Median, IQR	0.42, 0.15	61.29, 225.79	95.47, 105.92	132.79, 409.17
IL-1β (pg/mL)	Mean, SD	284.86, 223.24	350.69, 364.94	182.31, 100.90	167.85, 61.45
	Median, IQR	224.67, 287.90	214.33, 408.2	148.15, 151.50	159.85, 24.09
PGE2 (pg/mL)	Mean, SD	331.82, 223.55	588.72, 207.87	344.19, 172.22	362.44, 212.09
	Median, IQR	276.65, 210.21	574.61, 223.59	336.64, 303.76	337.85, 165.35

Data are presented as mean, SD and median, interquartile range (IQR) (n = 6–12).

CS = cigarette smokers; DS = dual smokers; EC = e-cig users; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; NS = non-smokers; PGE2 = prostaglandin E2.