Table 1.
Summary of preclinical and clinical studies using PAUSI system based on clinical US machines.
| Application | US system (manufacturer) | Imaging probe (bandwidth) | Scanner | Imaging target | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preclinical | iU22 (Philips Healthcare) | Linear array (4–8 MHz) | NA | MB delivered SLN in rats | Kim et al. 31 |
| iU22 (Philips Healthcare) | Phased array (1–5 MHz) Linear array (4–8, 7–15 MHz) |
Motorized scanner | MB delivered SLN in rats | Erpelding et al. 32 | |
| EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) |
Linear array (3–12 MHz) | Motorized scanner | Bi2Se3 delivered bladders, GI tracts, and SLN in mice | Park et al. 14 | |
| EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (3–12 MHz) | Motorized scanner | NiPNP delivered bladders, GI tracts, and SLN in rats | Park et al. 37 | |
| EC12R, VIFU2000 (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (8–17 MHz) | NA | Xenografted melanoma tissues in mice | Kim et al. 40 | |
| EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (3–12 MHz) | NA | Livers in rats | Choi et al. 41 | |
| Clinical | EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (3–12 MHz) | NA | Thyroid nodules in human | Kim et al. 35 |
| EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (3–12 MHz) | Motorized scanner | Excised melanoma tissues from human | Kim et al. 38 | |
| EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (3–12 MHz) | Motorized handheld scanner | Melanoma tissues in human | Park et al. 39 | |
| EC12R (Alpinion Medical Systems) | Linear array (3–12 MHz) | Motorized scanner | Peripheral vasculature in human feet | – |
PAUSI: photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging; US: ultrasound; NA: not applicable; MB: methylene blue; NiPNP: nickel dithiolene-based polymeric nanoparticle; SLN: sentinel lymph node; GI: gastrointestinal.