Table 3.
Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and breast cancer risk overall and according to menopausal status at blood collection
| Menopausal status at blood collection | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarkers Models |
All women N cases/controls=1558/1558 ORa (95% CI) |
Premenopausal women N cases/controls=413/413 ORa (95% CI) |
Perimenopausal women N cases/controls=307/307 ORa (95% CI) |
Postmenopausal women N cases/controls=838/838 ORa (95% CI) |
Phomogeneityc | Phomogeneityd |
| Adiponectin | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) | 0.92 (0.74–1.13) | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.42 | 0.59 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 1.06 (0.98–1.16) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 0.37 | 0.91 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.89 (0.70– 1.12) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 0.25 | 0.83 |
| Leptin | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 1.00 (0.85 - 1.18) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0.83 (0.68–1.00) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | 0.12 | 0.04 |
| Leptin to adiponectin | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.80 (0.65–0.98) | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0.11 | 0.08 |
| CRP | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 1.04 (0.92–1.16) | 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 0.10 | 0.03 |
| TNF-α | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.26 | 0.17 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | 0.36 | 0.25 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 0.90 (0.74–1.11) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | 0.26 | 0.49 |
| IFN-γ | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 1.02 (0.92 - 1.13) | 0.35 | 0.34 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 0.32 | 0.34 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.88 (0.72–1.06) | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | 0.26 | 0.28 |
| IL-6 | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 0.70 | 0.63 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 1.01 (0.86–1.16) | 0.95 (0.78–1.15) | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 0.87 | 0.96 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.93 (0.75–1.14) | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 0.76 | 0.80 |
| IL-8 | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.09 | 0.03 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| IL-10 | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.14 | 0.52 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) | 0.14 | 0.60 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| IL-1RA | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 1.17 (0.97–1.40) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.31 | 0.25 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) | 0.97 (0.80–1.16) | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 0.35 | 0.58 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 1.18 (0.96–1.45) | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) | 0.29 | 0.42 |
| IL-17D | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.98 (0.83–1.14) | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.74 | 0.70 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 0.82 | 0.83 |
| Fully-adjusteda | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.64 | 0.88 |
| IL-13 | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 1.22 (0.82–1.81) | 0.69 (0.45–1.04) | 0.91 (0.71–1.18) | 0.14 | 0.22 |
| Adjusted for BMI | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 1.22 (0.82–1.81) | 0.68 (0.45–1.04) | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 0.14 | 0.26 |
| Fully-adjustedb | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 1.20 (0.79–1.83) | 0.68 (0.43–1.05) | 0.98 (0.75–1.27) | 0.17 | 0.42 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRP, c-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; OR, odd ratio; SD, standard deviation; RA: receptor antagonist; TNF, tumour necrosis factor
aORs were estimated per 1 SD increase in log-transformed biomarkers concentrations, from logistic regression conditioned on matching variables. For IL-13, ORs were estimated for levels >LOQ compared to <LOQ
b Fully adjusted models included educational level, body mass index, height, physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, age at menarche, age at first full-term pregnancy and parity, ever breastfeed, ever use of contraceptive pills and ever use of menopausal hormonal therapy. Categories used are those displayed in Table 1
cEffect modification was calculated by premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
dEffect modification was calculated by premenopausal and postmenopausal women