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. 2022 Apr 18;53:30. doi: 10.1186/s13567-022-01049-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Characteristics of strains APEC40, APEC40-ΔyqeH, and APEC40-CΔyqeH. A Growth curves of APEC40, APEC40-ΔyqeH, and APEC40-CΔyqeH in LB broth. Growth rates of APEC40, APEC40-ΔyqeH, and APEC40-CΔyqeH were monitored by measuring their OD₆₀₀ values in LB medium at 2 h intervals for 24 h. During culture for 24 h, there was no significant difference in the growth rates of APEC40, APEC40-ΔyqeH, and APEC40-CΔyqeH grown in LB broth (P > 0.05). Each value is the average of three independent experiments. B Bacterial motility. Swimming motility of strain APEC40-ΔyqeH was significantly lower than that of the wild-type APEC40 strain, whereas the swimming motility of complemented strain APEC40-CΔyqeH was restored. The experiment was repeated three times and all samples were measured in triplicate. C Biofilm formation by APEC strains as determined with crystal violet (CV) staining. APEC40-ΔyqeH showed significantly lower biofilm formation than wild-type strain APEC40 after crystal violet staining (**P < 0.01 for the WT vs. mutant).