Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to sex and CVD.
| Total | CORO | PCI | CABG | HF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Total | 133 | 27 (20.3) | 30 (22.6) | 16 (12.0) | 60 (45.1) |
| M | 76 (57.1) | 14 (51.9) | 19 (63.3) | 14 (87.5) † | 29 (48.3) | |
| F | 57 (42.9) | 13 (48.1) | 11 (36.7) | 2 (12.5) | 31 (51.7) | |
| Age (Years) |
Total | 78.1 ± 6.7 | 75.4 ± 5.3 * | 75.5 ± 6.5 ** | 77.0 ± 7.6 | 80.9 ± 6.1 |
| M | 77.2 ± 6.9 | 74.0 ± 4.1 | 75.9 ± 7.1 | 76.4 ± 7.9 | 79.9 ± 6.6 | |
| F | 79.4 ± 6.3 | 77.0 ± 6.1 | 74.8 ± 5.6 | 80.8 ± 5.1 | 81.9 ± 5.5 | |
| Body length (cm) | Total | 166.3 ± 9.7 | 167.3 ± 10.1 | 166.9 ± 9.8 | 169.8 ± 6.5 | 164.7 ± 10.0 |
| M | 172.4 ± 6.4 † | 175.0 ± 6.3 † | 172.3 ± 5.8 † | 171.2 ± 5.5 † | 171.8 ± 7.2 † | |
| F | 158.2 ± 7.0 | 158.9 ± 5.6 | 157.7 ± 8.3 | 159.5 ± 0.7 | 158.0 ± 7.4 | |
| Body weight (kg) | Total | 74.0 ± 13.4 | 78.2 ± 14.5 | 74.9 ± 12.1 | 76.0 ± 13.2 | 71.2 ± 13.2 |
| M | 78.4 ± 12.1 † | 82.3 ± 13.0 | 79.2 ± 12.2 † | 77.4 ± 13.4 | 76.4 ± 11.0 † | |
| F | 68.3 ± 12.8 | 73.8 ± 15.2 | 67.3 ± 7.5 | 66.1 ± 4.8 | 66.4 ± 13.3 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
Total | 26.7 ± 4.2 | 27.9 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 3.2 | 26.3 ± 3.8 | 26.3 ± 4.6 |
| M | 26.4 ± 3.6 | 26.9 ± 3.9 | 26.7 ± 3.5 | 26.4 ± 4.0 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | |
| F | 27.3 ± 4.9 | 29.1 ± 4.8 | 27.1 ± 2.8 | 26.0 ± 2.1 | 26.7 ± 5.5 | |
| Overweight % prevalence |
Total | 67 (50.4) | 16 (59.3) | 19 (63.3) | 6 (37.5) | 26 (43.3) |
| M | 40 (30.1) | 8 (29.6) | 12 (40.0) | 5 (31.3) | 15 (25.0) | |
| F | 27 (20.3) | 8 (29.6) | 7 (23.3) | 1 (6.3) | 11 (18.3) | |
| Obesity % prevalence |
Total | 22 (16.5) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (12.5) | 10 (16.7) |
| M | 8 (6.0) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (3.3) | |
| F | 14 (10.5) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (13.3) | |
| Hypertension % prevalence |
Total | 120 (90.2) | 21 (77.8) | 23 (76.7) | 16 (100) | 60 (100) |
| M | 66 (49.6) | 9 (33.3) | 14 (46.7) | 14 (87.5) | 29 (48.3) | |
| F | 54 (40.6) | 12 (44.4) | 9 (30.0) | 2 (12.5) | 31 (51.7) | |
| Type 2 diabetes % prevalence |
Total | 36 (27.1) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (16.7) | 3 (18.8) | 22 (36.7) |
| M | 20 (15.0) | 4 (14.8) | 4 (13.3) | 3 (18.8) | 9 (15.0) | |
| F | 16 (12.0) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (21.7) | |
| Dyslipidaemia % prevalence |
Total | 102 (76.7) | 19 (70.4) | 27 (90.0) | 15 (93.8) | 41 (68.3) |
| M | 61 (45.9) | 11 (40.7) | 17 (56.7) | 13 (81.3) | 20 (33.3) | |
| F | 41 (30.8) | 8 (29.6) | 10 (33.3) | 2 (12.5) | 21 (35.0) | |
| NYHA | Total | |||||
| Class I–II | - | - | - | - | 1 (1.7) | |
| Class II | - | - | - | - | 13 (21.7) | |
| Class II–III | - | - | - | - | 16 (26.7) | |
| Class III | - | - | - | - | 17 (28.3) | |
| Class III–IV | - | - | - | - | 3 (5.0) | |
| Class IV | - | - | - | - | 2 (3.3) | |
| Unknown | - | - | - | - | 8 (13.3) | |
| Total | CORO | PCI | CABG | HF | ||
| Cardioprotective medication | ||||||
| Beta blockers | 89 (66.9) | 14 (51.9) | 19 (63.3) | 14 (87.5) | 42 (70.0) | |
| Calcium antagonists | 37 (27.8) | 10 (37.0) | 5 (16.7) | 3 (18.8) | 19 (31.7) | |
| ACE inhibitors | 44 (33.1) | 4 (14.8) | 12 (40.0) | 7 (43.8) | 21 (35.0) | |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 25 (18.8) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (16.7) | 2 (12.5) | 12 (20.0) | |
| Diuretics | 78 (58.6) | 5 (18.5) | 10 (33.3) | 10 (62.5) | 53 (88.3) | |
| Amiodarone | 30 (22.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (45.0) | |
| Sotalol | 2 (1.5) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Flecainide | 4 (3.0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.0) | |
| Anticoagulants | 123 (92.5) | 26 (96.3) | 30 (100) | 14 (87.5) | 53 (88.3) | |
| Ezetimibe | 8 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (6.7) | |
| Statins | 101 (75.9) | 19 (70.4) | 26 (86.7) | 15 (93.8) | 41 (68.3) | |
| Nitrates | 16 (12.0) | 6 (22.2) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (12.5) | 7 (11.7) | |
| Sacubitril/Valsartan | 4 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.7) | |
| Ivabradine | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Molsidomine | 12 (9.0) | 4 (14.8) | 3 (10.0) | 4 (25.0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Metformin | 23 (17.3) | 4 (14.8) | 4 (13.3) | 3 (18.8) | 12 (20.0) | |
| Sulphonylurea | 4 (3.0) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Glinides/meglitinides | 4 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | |
| GLP1 analogues | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| DPP4 inhibitors | 5 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.7) | |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 4 (3.0) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Insulin (ultrafast-acting) | 3 (2.3) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Insulin (fast-acting) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | |
| Insulin (intermediate) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Insulin (slow-acting) | 7 (5.3) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.3) | |
| Opioids | 10 (7.5) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (13.3) | |
| Analgesics | 29 (21.8) | 3 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (50.0) | 18 (30.0) | |
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; cm, centimetre; CORO, coronarography; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HF, heart failure; kg, kilogram; m, metre; n, number; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SD, standard deviation; p < 0.05 * CORO vs. HF; ** PCI vs. HF; † p < 0.05 between sexes. Results are expressed as mean ± SD or as n (% within CVD group) (for results per CVD) or as n (% within total population) (for results of the total population).