Table 2.
Number of frail subjects according to CVD and sex and analysis of the frailty component scores based on the Fried frailty assessment tool.
| Total (n = 133) |
CORO (n = 27) M (n = 14) F (n = 13) |
PCI (n = 30) M (n = 19) F (n = 11) |
CABG (n = 16) M (n = 14) F (n = 2) |
HF (n = 60) M (n = 29) F (n = 31) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight loss | Total | 20 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 12 | |
| M | Frail n (%) | 13 (17.1) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (15.8) | 4 (28.6) | 5 (17.2) | |
| F | 7 (12.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (22.6) | ||
| Exhaustion | |||||||
| I felt that everything I did was an effort | Total | Raw score | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 1.1 * | 0.4 ± 0.7 ** | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.1 |
| M | 1.0 ± 1.1 † | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 1.6 ± 1.1 † | ||
| F | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | ||
| I could not get going | Total | Raw score | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 1.1 * | 0.6 ± 0.9 * | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.2 |
| M | 1.1 ± 1.2 † | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 1.6 ± 1.2 † | ||
| F | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | ||
| Total | M | Frail n (%) | 21 (27.6) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (5.3) | 5 (35.7) | 14 (48.3) |
| F | 30 (52.6) | 4 (30.8) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (80.6) | ||
| Gait speed (m/s) |
Total | Raw score | 0.87 ± 0.48 | 1.03 ± 0.44 * | 1.27 ± 0.36 ** | 0.92 ± 0.48 *** | 0.59 ± 0.36 |
| M | Raw score | 0.98 ± 0.52 † | 1.21 ± 0.47 † | 1.34 ± 0.40 | 0.98 ± 0.48 | 0.63 ± 0.40 | |
| Frail n (%) | 27 (35.5) | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (35.7) | 20 (69.0) | ||
| F | Raw score | 0.73 ± 0.38 | 0.85 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.24 | 0.51 ± 0.24 | 0.55 ± 0.33 | |
| Frail n (%) | 33 (57.9) | 6 (46.2) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (50.0) | 25 (80.6) | ||
| Level of physical activity (Katz independence in ADL) |
Total | Raw score | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.1 * | 6.0 ± 0.0 ** | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.5 |
| M | Raw score | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | |
| Frail n (%) | 24 (31.6) | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (35.7) | 17 (58.6) | ||
| F | Raw score | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | |
| Frail n (%) | 20 (35.1) | 3 (23.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (54.8) | ||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | Total | Raw score | 26.7 ± 11.8 | 30.7 ± 13.2 * | 33.1 ± 11.1 ** | 31.1 ± 9.0 *** | 20.5 ± 9.1 |
| M | Raw score | 33.3 ± 10.7 † | 38.8 ± 13.3 † | 39.0 ± 9.3 † | 33.0 ± 7.7 | 27.1 ± 7.9 † | |
| Frail n (%) | 31 (40.8) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (21.4) | 20 (69.0) | ||
| F | Raw score | 17.9 ± 6.2 | 22.0 ± 4.9 | 22.9 ± 4.7 | 17.9 ± 6.2 | 14.4 ± 4.9 | |
| Frail n (%) | 35 (61.4) | 4 (30.8) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (50.0) | 27 (87.1) | ||
| Total frailty score | Total | Raw score | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 1.0 ± 1.2 * | 0.5 ± 0.8 ** | 1.5 ± 1.5 *** | 3.0 ± 1.4 |
| M | 1.5 ± 1.6 † | 0.6 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | ||
| F | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | ||
ADL, activities of daily living; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CORO, coronarography; F females; HF, heart failure; kg, kilogram; M, males; n, number; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; s, seconds; SD, standard deviation; p < 0.05 * CORO vs. HF; ** PCI vs. HF; *** CABG vs. HF; † p < 0.05 between sexes. Results are expressed as mean ± SD.