Table 4.
Analysis of the frailty component scores, according to CVD and sex, based on Vigorito et al.’s frailty assessment tool.
| Total (n = 133) |
CORO (n = 27) |
PCI (n = 30) |
CABG (n = 16) |
HF (n = 60) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MNA (/30) |
Total | 23.6 ± 3.6 | 25.8 ± 3.2 * | 25.3 ± 2.2 ** | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 21.8 ± 3.4 |
| M | 24.2 ± 3.1 | 25.8 ± 3.3 | 25.5 ± 1.7 | 23.8 ± 3.4 | 22.9 ± 2.9 † | |
| F | 22.8 ± 4.0 | 25.8 ± 3.2 | 25.0 ± 2.9 | 23.8 ± 0.4 | 20.8 ± 3.7 | |
| Katz independence in ADL (n) | Total | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.1 * | 6.0 ± 0.0 ** | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.5 |
| M | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 5.3 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | |
| F | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | |
| Gait speed (m/s) |
Total | 0.87 ± 0.48 | 1.03 ± 0.44 * | 1.27 ± 0.36 ** | 0.92 ± 0.48 *** | 0.59 ± 0.36 |
| M | 0.98 ± 0.52 † | 1.21 ± 0.47 † | 1.34 ± 0.40 | 0.98 ± 0.48 | 0.63 ± 0.40 | |
| F | 0.73 ± 0.38 | 0.85 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.24 | 0.51 ± 0.24 | 0.55 ± 0.33 | |
| TUG (s) | Total | 14.4 ± 9.0 | 11.5 ± 6.9 * | 8.3 ± 2.5 ** | 12.9 ± 7.7 | 19.1 ± 9.8 |
| M | 13.5 ± 9.3 † | 10.3 ± 8.4 † | 7.8 ± 2.1 | 11.8 ± 6.3 | 19.5 ± 10.5 | |
| F | 15.6 ± 8.5 | 12.9 ± 4.8 | 9.2 ± 2.9 | 20.6 ± 14.9 | 18.7 ± 9.3 | |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | Total | 26.7 ± 11.8 | 30.7 ± 13.2 * | 33.1 ± 11.1 ** | 31.1 ± 9.0 *** | 20.5 ± 9.1 |
| M | 33.3 ± 10.7 † | 38.8 ± 13.3 † | 39.0 ± 9.3 † | 33.0 ± 7.7 | 27.1 ± 7.9 † | |
| F | 17.9 ± 6.2 | 22.0 ± 4.9 | 22.9 ± 4.7 | 17.9 ± 6.2 | 14.4 ± 4.9 | |
| MMSE (/30) |
Total | 26.2 ± 3.2 | 27.3 ± 2.5 * | 27.6 ± 1.7 ** | 26.8 ± 4.1 *** | 24.9 ± 3.4 |
| M | 26.3 ± 3.3 | 27.7 ± 2.2 | 27.7 ± 1.7 | 26.6 ± 4.3 | 24.6 ± 3.3 | |
| F | 26.1 ± 3.2 | 26.9 ± 2.9 | 27.5 ± 1.8 | 28.0 ± 1.4 | 25.1 ± 3.4 | |
| GDS-15 (/15) |
Total | 3.2 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 3.0 | 2.2 ± 1.8 ** | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 3.9 ± 2.0 |
| M | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 3.3 ± 2.7 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | |
| F | 3.5 ± 2.4 | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 2.6 ± 2.0 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | |
| Number of medications (n) |
Total | 8.3 ± 3.4 | 6.6 ± 3.2 * | 7.2 ± 2.4 ** | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 9.9 ± 3.4 |
| M | 8.2 ± 3.6 | 6.2 ± 3.4 | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 7.8 ± 2.6 | 10.0 ± 3.8 | |
| F | 8.6 ± 3.1 | 6.9 ± 3.0 | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 7.5 ± 2.1 | 9.7 ± 3.2 | |
| Total frailty score | Total | 6.2 ± 4.8 | 3.8 ± 3.8 * | 2.4 ± 2.1 ** | 5.6 ± 4.2 | 9.4 ± 4.2 |
| M | 5.6 ± 4.7 | 3.2 ± 3.7 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 5.3 ± 4.4 | 9.2 ± 4.2 | |
| F | 7.0 ± 4.8 | 4.5 ± 4.0 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 7.5 ± 3.5 | 9.6 ± 4.3 |
ADL, activities of daily living; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; cm, centimetre; CORO, coronarography; F, females; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HF, heart failure; kg, kilogram; M, males; m, metre; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; n, number; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; s, seconds; SD, standard deviation; TUG, timed up-and-go test; p < 0.05 * CORO vs. HF; ** PCI vs. HF; *** CABG vs. HF; † p < 0.05 between sexes. Results are expressed as mean ± SD.